socialisation

SOCIALISATION

Study unit 4

By C.Settley

Learning Outcomes

• Define the concept socialisation • Describe the socialisation process • Explore the four functions of the socialisation

process • Describe the phases of socialisation • Discuss the following agents of socialisation: The family The school The peer group The mass media The workplace ● Analyse Re socialisation and Anticipatory

socialisation

Socialisation Defined. Page 55

The process of learning the beliefs, norms and values that are socially expected from us as members of a society or social group.

Process of internalizing norms (internalization is the process of acceptance of a set of norms established by people or groups which are influential to the individual. The process starts with learning what the norms are, and then the individual goes through a process of understanding why they are of value or why they make sense, until finally they accept the norm as their own viewpoint)

Social interaction occurs

4 Functions of the socialisation process

1) Establishes basic principles Ranges from sanitary to scientific

methods Certain hygienic practices are universal

irrespective of cultural content Washing hands before and after meals Medical professions- to prevent cross-infection


2) Identity In traditional communities, identity is

determined by factors such as gender, ethnic group and family status

In industrialised communities identity is based on personal achievement and is aquired later in life

Socialisation in nursing starts with nursing education and training


3) Teaches social roles Guides us on how to fulfill social roles

and teaches us the content, rights and obligations associated with these roles

Roles of a Nurse in her/his profession


4) Teaches an individual skills Varies from communication skills to

the handling of technical machinery Conveyed from generation to

generation Normally learned through daily

imitation and practice

Nursing Skills examples

Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the health-related needs

• Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes

• Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2 • Assist patients in the rehabilitation process • Calculate and administer medications • Catheter, IV, and suctioning training • Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill • Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options

etc • Educated patients for home care and discharge planning • Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families • Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section • Interact with departments regarding patient care • Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings • Medical terminology and medication administration skills

The phases of Socialisation. Page 64

PHASE 1: The commencement of togetherness

The establishment phase The expectation phase Find home Secure an income Patterns of responsibility Mutually satisfactory sexual

relationship System of emotional/intellectual

communication Relationship with family

members Patterns of interaction with

friends/community Develop a philosophy of life Reach consensus on planning of

a family

From the wife falls pregnant to the birth of children

New tasks: parenthood, reorientation of relationship

The phases of SocialisationcontinuedPHASE 2

Child bearing families & couplesPHASE 3

Families & couples with pre school children

CHILDREN: - birth till 30 months - dev sleeping

patterns, feeding, communication

PARENTS: - new roles - attention - career

CHILDREN: 30 months- 6 yrs old habits, intellectual skills Motor skills Sleeping and eating

patterns established PARENTS: 28-32 yrs New careers to increase

standards of living Mutual adjustment


Families with school going children

PHASE 5

Families with teenagers

CHILDREN: 6-13 yrs - complex tasks, skills - self image PARENTS: - learn that child must

develop certain degree of freedom

Career advancement

CHILDREN: - emotional/physical

maturity - education - prep phase of

adulthood PARENTS: - role models - less work orientated


The family as a launching centre

PHASE 7

Families in the middle years

CHILDREN: - study/leave home - possible marriage - career - adult roles PARENTS: - acceptance of work

situation - finds joy in life - pays more attention to

other people

CHILDREN: - until retirement of

parents - own families/careers - start of phase 1 PARENTS: - empty nest - rediscover partners - physical changes


Ageing Families

Until death Further physical

changes Pension, savings, old

age homes

Socialisation Agents. Page 67

The Family• Primary socialisation- primary

function• Internalisation of norms• Language, morals, behaviour

patterns, social identity, functioning member of society, Intellectual growth

• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline, demand discipline

• Permissive parents: less accountability is required from parents

• Directive parents: in-between above-mentioned


The school• Unique functions• Societal order• learns reading, writing,

foundation for tertiary education• Secondary socialisation• Intended function: to convey

norms, values, skills and knowledge

• Unintended function: broadens social horizons, participation in activities, rules and sanctions, preview of adult world


The peer group• Equal in age• Friends, clubs, sport teams• Important role in socialisation

process:• Wisdom of parents no longer a

strong source of support• Peer group has similar interests• Membership voluntary. Members

important to each other• Influence• Accepted by members of same

age group


Mass media•Radio, tv, newspapers, books, etc

•Conveys information


The workplace• 1) Occupational choice• 2)Anticipatory socialisation• 3) Conditioning and

commitment• Continuous commitment• See page75 on

characteristics of outstanding nursing care

Re Socialisation

Takes place throughout the adult life When person enter a institution- new

work, prison, hospital, defence force etc

Old age- illnesses

Anticipatory Socialisation

Facilitated by social interactions Non-group-members learn to take on the values

and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it

It is the process of changing one's attitudes and behaviours, in preparation for a shift in one's role

Words commonly associated with anticipatory socialization include grooming, play-acting, training and rehearsing

EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift

Learning Activity!!

Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. Page

References

Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. (2014). Nursing Sociology. 5th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/

internal/i_nurse/classes_stud/BSN%20(4year)%20Program/Full%20time%20study/Third%20year/Foundations%20of%20Nursing%20Practicum/05.%20Health%20Care%20Delivery%20System,%20Nursing%20Research%20as%20the%20Basis%20of%20Nursing.htm

http://www.craven.k12.nc.us/bes/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene

The EndThank You

Health & Medicine

socialisation