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Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollu8on in Minnesota Naomi Shinoda Minnesota Department of Health Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Public Health Tracking and Biomonitoring

Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

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Page 1: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

 Measuring  the  Public  Health  Impacts  of  Air  Pollu8on  in  Minnesota      

Naomi  Shinoda  Minnesota  Department  of  Health  Chronic  Disease  and  Environmental  Epidemiology  Environmental  Public  Health  Tracking  and  Biomonitoring    

Page 2: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Fine  par)cle  pollu)on:  PM2.5  

Page 3: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

PM2.5  pyramid  of  health  effects  

 Death  

Hospital  admissions  

Emergency  room  visits  

Doctor  visits  

Asthma  aBacks,  medica)on  use,  symptoms  

Lung  func)on  changes,  immune  cell  responses,  heart  rate  variability  

responses  

Page 4: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Air  pollu)on  epidemiology  studies  

¥ Health  impacts  are  measurable  

¥  Large  body  of  evidence  –  PM2.5  

¥  Respiratory  and  cardiovascular  effects  

¥  Effects  observed  even  at  low  concentra)ons  

¥  Long-­‐term  effects  à  increased  risk  

¥  Short-­‐term  effects  à  triggering/exacerba)ons  

Page 5: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Air  pollu)on  affects  en)re  popula)ons  

¥  Suscep)ble  popula)on  is  growing  

¥  Aging  popula)on  

¥  Increasing  obesity,  diabetes  rates  

¥  Effects  observed  in  children  

¥  Lung  development  

¥  Asthma  exacerba)ons  

¥  Even  very  small  increases  associated              with  disease  and  death  

2004  

2009  

Obesity  in  MN  

Page 6: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Source:  MN  Pollu)on  Control    Agency  

AQI:  Number  of  unhealthy  air  days  in  MN  

Page 7: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Popula)ons  “at  risk”:  es)mated  numbers  

Duluth  MN-­‐WI  es8mates  Total  popula)on   235,600          Children  under  18   47,900          Adults  65+   37,100  Pediatric  asthma   3,300  Adult  asthma   14,000  Chronic  bronchi)s   8,300  Emphysema   3,900  Cardiovascular   65,400  Diabetes   13,600  

Source:  ALA  State  of  the  Air  2012  

Page 8: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Improving  air,  preven)ng  deaths  

¥  BenMAP  modeled  predic)ons  

¥  Air  quality  improvement  scenarios  

¥  Es)mated  number  of  prevented  deaths  

¥  Scenario:  10%  reduc)on  in  PM2.5  concentra)ons  

5  

4  

78    (MSP  metro)  

MN  (2006)  

Source:  CDC  Environmental  Public  Health  Tracking  

Page 9: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Air  pollu)on  and  health  research  in  MN  

¥ Method  development  project  using  local  data  ¥  Develop  methods  for  local  area  analyses  

¥ Track  health  effects  associated  with  changes  in  air  quality  ¥  PM2.5  concentra)ons  ¥ Hospitaliza)ons  and  deaths  (respiratory,  cardiovascular)  

¥  2003-­‐2009  data  ¥ MSP  metro  and  Olmsted  County  

Page 10: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Air  pollu)on  and  health  research  in  MN  

Hospitaliza8ons   Amount  aOributable  to  PM2.5  in  2003-­‐2009                          Percent                                          #  hosp.  per  year  

Total  respiratory   1.9%   224  

COPD  +  asthma   2.3%   110  Asthma   2.3%   54  

¥  Associa)ons  found  in  the  MSP  metro  for  PM2.5  and  respiratory  hospitaliza)ons  

Page 11: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

MN  air  pollu)on  reduc)on  ini)a)ves  

¥  Minnesota  Emissions  Reduc)on  Project  (MERP)  

¥  Diesel  retrofits    ¥  School  buses;  heavy  duty  public  vehicles  ¥  Project  Green  Fleet  

¥  Other  local  ini)a)ves  ¥  An)-­‐idling  ordinances  ¥  Go  Greener  Ini)a)ve  (Met  Council)  

¥  Na)onal  ini)a)ves  ¥  Ultra  Low  Sulfur  Diesel  Fuel  Rule  ¥  Heavy  Duty  Diesel  Regula)ons  ¥  Transport  Rule  

Page 12: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Source:  MN  Pollu)on  Control  Agency  

Page 13: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

MN  air  pollu)on  health  impacts  over  )me  

Hospitaliza8ons   Time  period            Amount  aOributable  to  PM2.5            

             Percent                                #  hosp./yr  

Total  respiratory   2003-­‐2005  2006-­‐2007  2008-­‐2009  

3.0%  2.6%  -­‐-­‐  

354  309  -­‐-­‐  

COPD  +  asthma   2003-­‐2005  2006-­‐2007  2008-­‐2009  

3.3%  2.9%  -­‐-­‐  

154  140  -­‐-­‐  

Asthma   2003-­‐2005  2006-­‐2007  2008-­‐2009  

3.8%  -­‐-­‐  -­‐-­‐  

92  -­‐-­‐  -­‐-­‐  

¥  MSP  metro:  decline  in  resp.  hosp.  aBributable  to  PM2.5  

Page 14: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Summary  

¥  Air  pollu)on  affects  health  even  at  low  levels  

¥  Air  pollu)on  affects  en)re  popula)ons  

¥  A  growing  number  of  Minnesotans  more  suscep)ble  to  air  quality  impacts  

BUT…  

 

   

¥  MN  has  been  making  improvements  in  air  quality  

¥  Con)nued  efforts  will  lead  to  a  healthier  MN    

 

   

Page 15: Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota

Project  Team  MN  Pollu8on  Control  Agency  

Greg  PraO    

Kari  Palmer  

Margaret  McCourtney  

Cassie  McMahon  

Lisa  Herschberger  

Olmsted  Medical  Center  

Barbara  Yawn  

Peter  Wollan      

Measuring  the  Impact  of  Fine  Par)cles:  hBp://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpcd/cdee/airquality.html    

MN  Dept.  of  Health  

Jean  Johnson  

Chuck  Stroebel  

Allan  Williams  

Naomi  Shinoda  

Wendy  Brunner  

Paula  Lindgren