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BY ; JUNAIDI SAHAMUDIN
Self - Directed Learning
SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING (SDL)
Learning efforts, self-planned learning (Tough, 1978),
self-regulated learning (Zimmerman,1990).
Last stage of learning-usually reserved for the adult learner.
Learner takes the initiative in the planning executing, and the evaluation of their own learning.
DEFINITION views learners as responsible owners and managers of their own learning process. Self directed learning integrates self management (Management of context, including the social setting, resources and action) with self monitoring (the process whereby the learners monitor, evaluate and regulate their cognitive learning strategies). Bolhuis, 1996 & Garrison, 1997
GOALS OF SDL
Enhance ability of adults to be more self-directed in learning (humanistic approach)
Foster transformational learning
Promote social action
THE 4 TIERS OF SELF DIRECTED LEARNING
I. Learning by Preparing
II. Learning by Doing
III. Learning by Reflecting on Doing
IV. Learning by Moving Forward:
3 MODELS OF SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING AS PROCESS
1-Linear Model
2- Interactive Model3- Instructional model
THE TOP REASONS PEOPLE ENGAGE IN SDL
1. Time management/Family obligations
2. Cost of traditional learning3. Transportation4. Learner’s own learning styles5. Prefer informal learning
structure.6. Ability to plan programs to fit
the learner
TIME MANAGEMENT/FAMILY OBLIGATIONS
Graduations
Birthdays
Studying!
What’s for dinner?
Fun in the sun!
COST OF TRADITIONAL LEARNING
WorkshopsInstructional
Technology (IT) computer classes
Cooking lessonsJewelry lessons
Hourly Daily weekend rates Course rate
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TRANSPORTATION
Have you ever been late to class because of a traffic jam that was
unexpected?
This accident occurred on the way to an evening
class!
LEARNER’S OWN LEARNING STYLES.
This learner prefers tostudy outside in nature.
She enjoys listeningto music.
This man prefers to learn right from the
cookbook late at night.
INFORMAL OR FORMAL LEARNING
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ADVANTAGES OF SELF DIRECTED LEARNING
Allows learners to be more effective learners and social beings
Curious and willing to try new things.
They can view problems as challenges, desire change, and enjoy learning
CONT… Motivated and persistent, independent, self-disciplined, self-confident and goal-oriented.
A greater awareness of their responsibility in making learning meaningful and monitoring themselves
Encourages students to develop their own rules and leadership patterns
DISADVANTAGES
Possible for frequent errors. Quite time consuming. It needs an organized manner of planning; inquiring skills, decision making and self evaluation of work.
IMPLICATIONS OF SDL ON LEARNING
How will the elementary school student use SDL skills to their advantage?
Car salesman? Small business owner? College student? Medical professional? Teachers/Professors? You?
CONCLUSION
Do you consider yourself a self-directed learner?
Why do you think you are a self-directed learner?
REFERENCES Knowles, M.S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education, from pedagogy to andragogy revised and
updated. Retrieved from
http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KbSfmR3rq7MJ:scholar.google.com/+experience+and+andragogy&
hl=en&as_sdt=10000000000000
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New
Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. 89.p. 3-13.
Merriam, S.B., Caffarella, R.S., & Baumgartner, L.M. (2007). Learning in adulthood a comprehensive
guide. San Francisco, CA: Jossy- Bass
Roberson, D.N., Merriam, S.B., (2005). The self-directed learning process of older, rural adults. Adult
Education Quarterly,55(4). 269- 287. doi: 10.1177/0741713605277372.
Tough, A., (1978). Major learning efforts: recent research and future directions. Adult Education Quarterly,
28(4), 250-263. doi:10.1177/074171367802800403.
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THANK YOU------