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SCRUB TYPHUS
Tsutsugamushi Disease
ContentsDistributionEpidemiological determinantsMode of TransmissionClinical FeaturesInvestigationsComplicationsManagementPrognosisPrevention
INFECED REGIONS
First in Japan
First in India during world war II
Common among millitants
Epidemiological determinants Agent: Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Reservoir: Trombiculid mite.
Leptotrombidium deliensis- India. Leptotrombidium akamushi- Japan.
Chigger
reservoir
Larval stage
vector
Mode of Transmission
Mite
Rats & Mice
Humans
Mite
No direct person to person transmissionMite Islands
(Accidental host)
Clinical Features Incubation peroid: 1-3 wks(usually6-21 days)
Fever(104-105°F) with chills,malaise,conjunctival Irritation.
Maculopapular rash Lymphadenopathy,Lymphocytosis Headache, Cough, Myalgia Gastrointestinal symptoms Typical “Eschar formation”(5th day of illness)
Punched out lesions with black scab
Investigations• Weil-feilx test positive-proteus strain oxk
• Indirect immunofluorescence.
• PCR for Orientia tsutsugamushi from blood of feverish patients.
• Some studies have used PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on
specimens obtained from eschars.
Complications
Pneumonitis Hepatitis Myocarditis Meningoencephalitis Disseminated intravascular
coagulation Multi organ failure
Management
• Drug of choice: Tetracycline
Doxycycline orally or Chloramphenicol in more severe cases.
Azithromycin has been used in resistant cases and may be better than doxycycline - especially in children and pregnant women.
Prognosis
Fatality of untreated cases is between 5 - 10 % and is even higher in adults.
PreventionVector control:
Application of insecticides eg: lindane or chlordane to ground and vegetation.
Environmental control Personal protection
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