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Universalizing access to quality primary healthcareUniversalizing access to quality primary healthcare
BY SAVERASHRADHA RAWATDEEPAK PARIHARHIMANSHU JOSHISAALIM ZAIDIAYUSH AGARWAL
While India can competitively deliver world-class health care (witness the success of medical tourism)
the country is seriously underperforming when it comes to taking care of its own.
CURRENT HEALTH STATUS OF INDIA
Total expenditure on health is 4.2% of GDP. Of this, current public expenditure is only 1.1% of GDP.
A serious problem is the improper allocation of public health care budget i.e. large and increasing proportion of expenditure on salaries (60 % to90%) and a markedly reduced (29% to 5%) proportion on non-salary components like medicines, equipment, fuel, etc. which has led to a waste of resources because the health personnel in place cannot work
FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF CURRENT PROBLEM
INDIA is the leading producer of Generic Drugs but it’s supply has fallen from 31% in 1987 to 9% in
2004
because the health personnel in place cannot work effectively without other supportive expenditure
The WHO in its Alma Ata Declaration had recommended that public health care expenditures should be at least 5 per cent of GDP if equity and universal coverage are to be realized. Most socialist countries spend 3.5 percent
Use of Generic Drugs in SPAIN help them save 2.4 billion per
annum
India is losing more than 6% of its GDP annually due to premature deaths and preventable illnesses,
Diseases Estimated deaths in South East Asia (2008WHO data)
Est. deaths in India* (2008)
*Assuming 88% of these deaths were in India, since it accounts for 88% of the population in this region.However, official records show the numbers to be far lesser. For example, India had only around 1000 reported malaria deaths in 2008. However, when the entire SE Asian region is taken the number of estimated malaria deaths is 43,200.
NEED FOR DOCTOR OF BASIC DISEASES???
Acc. to WHO South East Asian Countries are Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives,
Myanmar, Nepal, Sri-Lanka, Thailand & Timor-Leste
Tuberculosis 405974 357257
Malaria 43200 38016
Diarrhea 1141586 1004596
Dengue 7064 6216
Nutritional deficiencies 84,123 74028
Maternal conditions 80620 70946
Total 1762567 1551059
estimated malaria deaths is 43,200. Now this region has a total population of 1.3 billion and India had an estimated population of 1.15 billion in 2008. So it’s clearly implausible that despite having 88% of the population it only accounted for 2 percent of malaria deaths. So we’re assuming that 88% of all deaths caused by these diseases are in India.
It’s extremely sad that so many Indians are losing their lives to diseases and conditions that could’ve been easily avoided with the most basic of healthcare services
MBBS - Bachelors of medicine and bachelor Of Surgery.
o The curriculum includes preclinical, para-clinical, clinical subjects comprising of social & preventive medicine, general medicine
BPHC - Bachelor Of Primary Health Care.
The Curriculum will only be limited to Diagnosis, treatment & Prevention of common diseases.
MBBS BPHC
WHAT WE NEED???
& preventive medicine, general medicine and general surgery.
5 year course
Total expenditure=12.5 lakh( in private institutions).
o After graduation, many students opt for higher studies in US or other countries.
treatment & Prevention of common diseases.
Curriculum should also include disaster management courses & logistics
3 years course
Total expenditure will be much less.
BPHC will be full time government employee
BPHC graduates will work for a period of 5 yrs in their native villages.
In the last two years AICTE received 500 applications from colleges seeking permission to shut down most of these colleges are in rural areas or Tier III cities ,utilizing these colleges to train BPHC students will be very cost effective as major infrastructure like classrooms are already present.
We propose a 50-30-20 sharing of fees between central govt, state govt and student, where central & state government will bear 50%-30% of tuition
THE PLAN
& state government will bear 50%-30% of tuition fees respectively and student will pay 20 % and will sign an agreement to work in villages for minimum 05 years
The performance of BPHC doctors will be analyzed annually by their Medical Officer preferably MD (Community Health Care).
BPHCGram Panchayat will also analyze
the performance of BPHC independently.
SELECTION PROCEDUREA national entrance exam to be
conducted by Medical Council of India.
Eligibility: Students who completed their intermediate
with Biology as a subject
• Increase in the existing expenditure on public health care to 3% of GDP.
Major hospitals and pharmaceutical companies should set up medical cells in villages where BPHC will work.
STAKEHOLDER
HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
GOVERNMENT
CORPORATEOut of Pocket Expenditure
At least 0.5% of the 2%(as set by the companies act 2013) to be spent on Health Care.Why only Tata Memorial Hospital when we have 72 companies with billion dollar net worth?
• The BPHC doctors will wear logos of any company for 2 years which finances 25% of their education expenses
CORPORATE
SPONSORS
57.80%
87.60%
86%
78.80%
13.80%
BrazilRussiaIndiaChinaSouth Africa
PROGRAMME SPONSOR
PROGRAMME SPONSOR
COMMUNICATION SPONSOR
COMMUNICATION SPONSOR
They will sponsor
HELPING HANDS
They will be the regional sponsors
Will provide air ambulances, ambulances
and medical supplies.
They will sponsor communication
equipments like cell phones and Aakash
tablets
For effective functioning it will be vital that
BPHC have access to communication facilities
TRAINING COSTFor a 3 year course of PHC with study focused solely on basic diseases estimated cost will be around 3lakh for entire course. • Central Govt will pay only 50% i.e. 1.50 lakhsTotal expenditure= 1.5 lakhs *593731 inhabited villages of India= Rs 9000 crore(approx)• State Govt will pay 30% i.e. 90,000Total expenditure=90,000*of the 593731 villages = 5500 crore91552 villages have population less than 200So total expenditure will be much less
5% spending of profit on health care means 53,000croresTax collection from corporations also increases every year sometimes as high as around 20%
ESTIMATED COST OF IMPLEMENTATION
So total expenditure will be much less
India has enough for everyone’s NEED but not enough for anyone’s GREED.
-Mahatma Gandhi
ORGANISATION COST•Pay band 9300-34800 with 3% annual increment•Grade pay:4200•Total expenditure = 1.6 lakhs * 593731 villages = Rs 10,000 crore
3%of India's 2012 GDP is 36,91,68,30,00,000 i.e. 3lakh croresEven in the worst economic conditions G.D.P. grows by 4% each year Apart from the training and salary of BPHC no additional
investment would be required. We propose utilization of NRHM resources for equipments and other services.
Principal Secretary(H & FW)
Mission Director-NRHMCommissioner Rank Officer
Directorate Of Family Directorate Of Medical & State Programme Management Unit(SPMU)
ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP
Directorate Of Family Welfare
Directorate Of Medical & Health Unit(SPMU)
District PMU
Block PMU headed by Medical Officer In-chargeASHA BPHC
BPHC & ASHA will co-ordinate each other
Central government should devise policy for providing better housing and education facility for children of Doctors to make rural posting more attractive
To avoid bankrupting the country with healthcare costs we mustemphasize prevention, specifically teaching prevention.
There is a large no of engineering and management colleges which fail to attract students, encourage them to start nursing, pathology and other medical support courses by giving tax breaks and other incentives.
Large chunk of health care budget is spent on building infrastructure that ultimately goes to waste due to lack of maintenance. Private health care has a major presence in India, a PPP model can be implemented where private providers must provide health care to poor, for which the government will pay by utilizing Aadhar Cards .
Practitioners of Indigenous System of Medicines could extensively compensate for deficits in primary health care services.
SUPPORTING MEASURES
care services.
Only 193 out of total 640 districts have a medical college.
There are approximately 0.81 nurses per allopathic physician in India, this is not cost effective at
all.
India's ratio of nine hospital beds per 10,000 people is far from
adequate
GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM
Complaints and suggestions can be directed to Gram Pradhans, Medical Officers, DM's, against all the BPHCs who ask for bribe or display negligence.
Suggestion Boxes for BPHC to be placed in all CHC&PHC
LIMITATIONS
Only training the BPHC will not be enough, we have to ensure the people graduating from the course are competent enough to take care of their duties.
This idea requires a substantial spending on health care, it may be tough in the current economic scenario.
• 286,119,689 Indians are living in villages
• 50% of all villagers have no access to healthcare providers (Indiafacts.in and India Development gateway)
• 1551059 lives in 2008 could
IMPACT
During the recent calamity in Uttarakhand most of the affected
victims were senior citizens already suffering from chronic conditions like Hypertension
Arthritis, BronchalAsthama, Diabetes .There was an
• 1551059 lives in 2008 could have been saved
IMAGINE WHAT WE CAN
ACHIEVE NOW!!!
Asthama, Diabetes .There was an immediate need of primary
health care for them and people with minor injuries
India knowledge @wharton
WHO country cooperative strategy
http://censusindia.gov.in
http://databank.worldbank.org
“Do the Poor Benefit from Public Spending on Healthcare in India?” A research paper by Consortium for Research on Equitable Health Systems (CREHS).The authors are based at Indian Institute of Technology (Madras), India.
REFERENCES
Institute of Technology (Madras), India.
“Strengthening of primary health care” A research paper by Mr.Rajiv Yeravdekar, Director Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences
“HEALTH FINANCING IN INDIA” A research paper by R.D. Bansal Ex-Deputy Director General (Medical Education, Hospitals and Planning) D.G.H.S., Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi.
Reuters India
NRHM information portal