Role Of Computers IN VETERINARY SURGERY,DRF.MUDASIR BASHIR
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Role of computers in Role of computers in veterinary surgery veterinary surgery Dr.Mudasir Bashir Dr.Mudasir Bashir Roll no.4856 Roll no.4856 MVSc scholar MVSc scholar
Role Of Computers IN VETERINARY SURGERY,DRF.MUDASIR BASHIR
FROM Dr.MUDASIR BASHIRVETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGYI.V.R.I
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1. Role of computers in veterinary surgery Dr.Mudasir Bashir
Roll no.4856 MVSc scholar
2.
Computer :-machine that carries out computation.
Al-jazari in 1206-castle clockan astronomical clock-ist
computer analog.
Charles babbage credited for invention of computers.
In medical practices its use started in 1960`s.
Computers in veterinary science were started in 1980`s.
3. computers as Virtual labs
Virtual physiology series:-includes------
Sim vessel,sim muscle,sim nerve,sim patch and sim heart.
These are computer programmes wherein we are able to detect
effects of various drugs on different organs of the body.
It avoids animal cruelty used for practical purposes.
4. ROLE IN VETERINARY HOSPITAL:
MANAGEMENT OF DATA WITHIN A HOSPITAL RECORD:-
Patient demographics,
Signalment,
Final Diagnosis,
Medical-surgical Summaries
Anaesthesia And Drug Histories etc
5. COMPUTERS IN SURGERY:-
Programmes loaded in computers assist in:-
Diagnosis
Guidance for developing therapeutic option
Allowing interactive and continuing educational
oppertunities
Assist in primary surgical instruction
Allowing data management applications
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COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT:-
Higher level processes include automated analysis of matrix
considering all diagnostic possibilities from signs presented.
Currently many computerassisted diagnostic problems are
available in both vety.and medicine and are most applicable in
multifaceted or complex clinical situation.
These donot have observational ability,clinical experience or
common sense..
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As machines become more efficient and rapid data base access
becomes more common,it is possible for local systems to
automatically acquirethe latest references and abstracts from
national and international bibliographic reference
COMPUTER-ASSISTED DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTATION:-
Electroencephalography,electroretinography,digital
radiography,digital flouroscopy,axial tomography,and thermal and
ultrasonic image enhancement by computers are outstanding
applications.
8. Computers in operating room and critical care unit:-
Continuous and automated physiological monitoring of certain
postsurgical patients in the recovery room and critical care ward
is well established e.g.; computerized signal processing from
electrocardiographic monitors is especially prevalent and detects
cardiac rate and rhythm changes.
9. Flouroscopy:-
PRESENTATION OF IMAGE->FLOUROSCOPY
More suited to study of moving structures and dynamic processes
than x-rays
It gives an image that is continous in time and is required for
maximum information.
X-ray beam is directed through patient & on to an image
intensifier which amplifies the x-ray coming through the
patient->decrease x-ray dose.
Resulting images are videotaped & hence permanent medical
record
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DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (DR)
X-ray tube is coupled to a specialised rerceiver that changes
x-rays into electrical signals
Analog image is digitalized & displayed on integrated
computer screen
Data is stored in magnetic optical discs(MODs),CDs,DVDs.
ADVANTAGES
No films are required.
No screens are required.
No processing is required.
Brightness & contrast of images can be adjusted.
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15. COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY
Similar to DR except an x-ray receiver similar to cassete is
required & must be processed in special machine which contains
photostimulable phosphor that changes x-ray photons in latent
electronic images that is read by processor & is transferred to
computer.
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18. ULTRASONOGRAPHY
PRINCIPLE PULSE-ECHO
Pulse is generated by piezoelectric crystals in an ultrasound
transducer & is transferred to the patient ->Echo formed is
transmitted in the form of electrical waves->images are formed
on the computer.
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21. NUCLEAR MEDICINE
TWO TYPES
THERAPEUTIC NM & DIAGNOSTIC NM
THERAPEUTIC NM
Administration of radioactive iodine for treatment of
hypothyroidism & thyroid tumours
DIAGNOSTIC NM
Administration of radioactive nuclides to patients and
detection by gama-scintillation camera of electromagnetic rays
Technetium->primary choice-------t 1/2= 6hr
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25. Computerized tomography (CT)
CT scan is obtained by passing a very thin x-ray beam through
patient & measurring x-ray attenuation at multiple sites in a
thin slice of patients anatomy.
Computer reconstructs the transmitted x-ray data into a
crossectional image on a video monitor.
Animal is kept in dorso-ventral or ventro- dorsal
position.Table then moves the patient through circular gantry that
houses the x-ray tube & detectors.
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28. MAGNETIC RESONANT IMAGING (MRI)
Unlike CT scan, no ionizing radiation is used.
MRI represents the intensity of a radiowave signal from tissues
in which hydrogen nuclei has been disturbed by a characteristic
radiofrequency pulse.
Advantages over CT scan
Better image resolution
Anatomic definition & sensitivity to tissue composition
differences
Provides helpful information including size & shape of
heart, its pumping capacity and location and extent of any damage
to its tissues.
It is specially useful for assessing diseases of heart
valves
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33. LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
Keyhole surgery-operation performed through small
incision.
Two types of laparoscope
Telescopic rod lens system-usually connected to camera.
Digital laparoscope where charge-coupled device is placed at
the end of laparoscope eliminating the rod lens system.
Operative field illuminator-cold light source (halogen or
xenon)
CO 2 insuffulation is done to avoid abdominal wall over
internal organ.
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35. ROBOTICS & TECHNOLOGY
In recent years, electronic tools have been developed to aid
surgeons.
Some of the features of these electronic tools are :
Visual magnification-use of large viewing screens improves
visibility.
Stabilization-electromechanical damping of vibrations due to
machinary or shaky human hands
Simulators-use of specialized virtual reality training tools to
improve physicians proficiency in surgery
Reduced number of incisions
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Advantages of robotic surgery:-
Precision.
Small size incision.
Decrease blood loss.
Less pain.
Unmanned surgery.
Quicker healing.
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38. NATURAL ORIFICE TRANS LUMINAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY (NOTES)
Surgical technique where by scar less abdominal operations can
be performed with an endoscope passed through a natural orifice
(mouth, urethra, anus etc)
-> then through this an internal incision in stomach,
vagina, bladder or colon is given->thus avoiding any external
incision or scar.