RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT ACTIVITIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL

SECURITY

PRESENTED BY IBRAHIM ZUBAIRU ABUBAKAR

ICRC

OUTLINES

HISTORY OF RED CROSS & RED CRESCENTBATTLE OF SOLFERINO 24, JUNE 1859MEMORY OF SOLFERINO 1862COMMITTEE OF FIVE (5) 1862GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1864HISTORY OF EMBLEMS RED CROSS MOVEMENT ICRC IFRCNSRC, AND THEIR MISSIONSIHL& ICRC IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY.

RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT

International organization whose mission is to protect

The lives and dignity of victims of war To provide them with assistance.The name Red Cross generally refers to the

humanitarian movement which composed of International Committee of the Red Cross and Red

Crescent International Federation of Red Cross and Red

Crescent Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies E.GAmerican Red CrossBritish Red Cross

BATTLE OF SOLFERINO

HENRY DUNANT

MEMORY OF SOLFERINO

HENRY DUNANT was shocked by the terrible outcomes of the battle considering the number of

Wounded soldiers Sufferings And the number of those that passing away , Due to lack of medical attention and basic care Back to his country Geneva, he decided to write a book A MEMORY OF

SOLFERINO published 1862. The book describes his Experiences in the battle Its costs Chaotic circumstances Explicitly advocated the formation National voluntary relief organizations International treaties to guarantee the neutrality protection He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures

throughout Europe.

MEMORY OF SOLFERINO

The Memory of Solferino inspired the creation of

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.

Four 4 Geneva Conventions & three 3 others additional protocols

Adoption of emblem (Signs of protection)

THE FIVE (5) FOUNDERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF RED CROSS

.

GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establishes the standards of international law for the humane treatment of war.

1ST 1949 Geneva Convention dealing with wounded and

sick in armed forces in the field.

2ND 1906 Geneva Convention dealing with wounded sick and shipwrecked

members of armed forces at sea.

3RD 1929 Geneva Convention dealing with treatment of prisoners of war.

4TH Geneva Convention dealing with the protection of civilian persons

in timeof war.

Additional protocol (l) 1977 protection

of victims of international armed

conflict Additional protocol

(ll) 1977 non international armed

conflict Additional protocol (lll) 2005 adoption

of red crystal

ICRC HQ

HISTORY OF RED CROSS EMBLEMS

Prior to the 19th century, the symbols used to Identify armed forces Medical services vary according to their countries

The symbols were not generally well known Not entitled to any form of legal protection and respect It was in 1863, when a five-member committee, proposed the need to

adopt a symbol to be Simple Identifiable from a distance Known to everyone Identical for friend and foe. The emblem had to be the same for everyone and universally

recognizable

This brought the adoption of the red cross on a white background as the uniform distinctive emblem.

HISTORY OF EMBLEMS

The flag of Switzerland, from which the original Red Cross is said to have been derived

The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia (1877–1878). The symbol was officially adopted in 1929

The Red Cross emblem was officially approved in Geneva in 1863

CONT.

The Third Protocol Emblem is the Red Crystal was adopted by an amendment of the Geneva Conventions known as Protocol III 2005.

Red Star of David, the national first-aid society of Israel, but it is not recognized by the Geneva Conventions as a protected symbol

The Red Lion and Sun Society of Iran was established in 1922 and admitted to the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement in 1923.

CONT.

RED CROSS MOVEMENT

The movement consists of several distinct organizations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic

Principles Objectives Symbols as follows:---

ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE MOVEMENT

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 1863

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) - 1919

National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

ICRC MISSIONS

Protect human life and health Ensure respect for all human beingsPrevent and alleviate human suffering Protected dignity of victims of international and internal

armed conflicts.

ICRC

ICRC & INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

The ICRC works on a neutral and impartial basis to protect and assist people affected by conflict

Monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions Organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield Visiting prisoners of war Visiting security detainees Searching for missing persons (tracing service) Transmitting messages between separated family members Reuniting dispersed families Providing safe water, food and medical assistance to those in need Disseminating International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Promote the respect of (IHL) Monitors compliance by governments and all weapon bearers.

ICRC ACTIVITIES DURING WAR

ICRC ACTIVITIES DURING WAR

IFCR

Coordinates the activities between national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies throughout the world

Supports the foundation of new national societies in countries where no official society exists.

On the international stage The IFRC organizes and leads relief assistance missions

after emergencies such as Natural disasters Man-made disasters EpidemicsMass refugee flights, and other emergencies. And support local health care projects

IFRC IN ACTIONS

IFRC IN ACTIONS

Henry Davison, Founding father of the League of Red Cross societies.

NSRCHumanitarian aid in armed conflicts Humanitarian aid in emergency crises such

as natural disasters. Blood donation services Acting as a civilian Emergency Medical

Service (EMS) providers.

NSRC IN ACTIONS

IHL & ICRC

International humanitarian law is part of international law, which is the body of rules governing relations between States; it includes several treaties or conventions that outlaw specific weapons

These conventions were created largely because these weapons cause deaths and injuries

Unexploded land mines have caused up to 7,000 deaths every year Unexploded bombs, particularly from cluster bombs that scatter many small bomb lets

have killed many An estimated 98% of the victims were civilian; farmers and children who find these

explosives

IHL mediates to limit the effects of armed conflict It protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities Restricts the means and methods of warfare International humanitarian law applies to armed conflicts.

ICRC & IHL

Persons outside of combat and those not taking part in hostilities, shall be protected and treated humanely

It is forbidden to kill or injure an enemy who surrenders The wounded and the sick shall be cared for and protected by the party to the conflict which

has them in its power. The emblem of the "Red Cross," or of the "Red Crescent," shall be required to be respected

as the sign of protection. Captured combatants and civilians must be protected against acts of violence and reprisals.

They shall have the right to correspond with their families and to receive relief No-one shall be subjected to torture, corporal punishment, or cruel or degrading treatment Parties to a conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and

combatants. Attacks shall be directed solely against military objectives Well-known examples of such rules include the prohibition on attacking doctors or

ambulances displaying a red cross It is also prohibited to fire at a person or vehicle bearing a white flag Serious violations of international humanitarian laws have called war crimes

ICRC & IHL

ICRC & IHL

ICRC & IHL

ICRC & IHL

ICRC & IHL

ICRC & IHL

CONCLUSION

ICRC as the promoter and guardian of international humanitarian laws must encourage the respect of laws

It does so by spreading the knowledge of humanitarian rules

Reminding parties in the conflicts of their obligations And ensure that humanitarian rules are respected.