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Nutrition Research and the NIH Roadmap
Elizabeth Wilder, Ph.D.
Acting Associate Director
Office of Portfolio Analysis and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
Where does Nutrition Fit Within the NIH Roadmap?
What is the Roadmap?
What types of programs constitute the Roadmap?
How does the Roadmap address Nutrition?
How can Nutrition researchers make best use of the NIH Common Fund?
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
What is the NIH Roadmap?
The NIH Roadmap is a series of cross-cutting programs designed to
foster the development of transformative solutions to grand challenges in health
research.
It is funded via the NIH Common Fund.The CF only funds Roadmap programs.
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
NIH and the Future of Medicine:Roadmap for Medical Research
Roadmap1.7%
Non-Roadmap98.3%
FY2007 NIH Budget = $28.9 B Developed to increase
synergy across NIH and to incubate new ideas
Not a single initiative but 865 new awards
– 716 investigators
– 193 Institutions in USA
– 41 states
–Award rate1 FY04 16.7% FY05 18.2% FY06 19.5% FY07 9.2%
1 Award Rate differs from Success Rate for it includes all research grant mechanisms of support, incl. training awards
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
Transforming Medicine: the NIH Roadmap
The NIH Roadmap is designed to foster the development of transformative solutions to grand challenges in health research
• Addressing fundamental knowledge gaps
• Providing infrastructure that supports basic, clinical and translational research across the spectrum of NIH interests
• Supporting investigators in new ways that encourage innovation, interdisciplinarity, and partnership
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
Collaboration at the NIH: Distinguishing Features of Roadmap Programs
Although the NIH Institutes and Centers have distinct missions, many issues/scientific interests span IC boundaries, and the ICs regularly collaborate on these topics.
Special criteria exist for Roadmap programs. Potential New Roadmap initiatives must:• Be expected to transform the way research is conducted• Promote and advance the individual missions of NIH ICs to
benefit health • Require participation from NIH as a whole and/or address an
area(s) of science that does not clearly fall within the mission of any one IC or OD program office
• Have a public health benefit from the research results being in the public domain
April 5, 2008American Society for Nutrition
How does the Roadmap address Nutrition?
The NIH Roadmap consists of 13 integrated programs, each designed to address a grand challenge in health research.
9 of the programs have made awards; 5 of these support nutrition or obesity research
3/4 of the new programs are expected to be of especially high interest to the Nutrition Research Community
April 5, 2008
Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs)
Encourage the development of new methods and approaches to clinical and translational research
Improve training and mentoring to ensure that new investigators can navigate the increasingly complex research system
Design new and improved clinical research informatics tools
Assemble interdisciplinary teams that cover the complete spectrum of medical research
Forge new partnerships with private and public health care organization
April 5, 2008
Interdisciplinary Research
Challenge: Cultural and logistical barriers to Interdisciplinary approaches and teamwork within the Research Community
Roadmap Approach:
Consortia: bridging dept boundaries w/in
academic institutions
Training: melding disciplines
Innovative Tools to bridge
behavioral/social sciences and biology
NIH Changes: Recognition ofMultiple PIs; New review
Practices for IR; new Ways to manage awards
April 5, 2008
Interdisciplinary Research Consortia
Taskforce for Obesity Research at Southwestern (TORS) - Harnesses expertise from highly diverse disciplines, with a goal of defining the behavioral, metabolic, genetic and molecular mechanisms contributing to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. • Effect of Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Weight Loss on
Liver Substrate Metabolism and Liver Fat Content in Humans• Genetic Susceptibility to Adverse Metabolic Consequences of
Obesity• Fatty Acid Synthesis in Specific Hypothalamic Neurons: Control
of Appetite and Energy Homeostasis• Interdisciplinary Research Training Program
April 5, 2008
IR ConsortiaInterdisciplinary Research Consortium on Stress, Self-Control, and Addiction - Yale
April 5, 2008
New in FY08: Human Microbiome Project
What microbes live in humans? How do they contribute to health? To disease? Might the microbiota be manipulated to improve health?
• The human body contains ten times as many microbial cells—bacteria and other micro-organisms—as it does human cells. These microbes, which are found in locations throughout the body, are thought to have a profound influence on many biological processes, including development, immunity, and nutrition. However, technical difficulties in isolating and studying many of these organisms have limited our ability to fully understand the effects of the microbiome on human health and disease.
April 5, 2008
The goal of the Human Microbiome Project is
to characterize the microbial content of
sites in the human body and examine whether
changes in the microbiome can be related to disease.
April 5, 2008
The Human Microbiome Project
The goals of this Program are:• develop needed novel technology and
informatics
• support demonstration projects that address whether changes in the microbiome can be related to disease.
• provide reference data sets
April 5, 2008
Epigenomics: the Next Step in Understanding the Human Genome
April 5, 2008
Questions
How plastic/stable is the epigenome of a given cell type?
What environmental/nutritional factors alter the epigenome and under what conditions?
What are the phenotypic consequences of these changes? What diseases/conditions result?
Might it be possible to reverse or prevent detrimental epigenomic changes?
April 5, 2008
The Roadmap Epigenomics Program
The Roadmap Epigenomics Program will: • Develop comprehensive epigenome maps from many
cell types; • Develop standardized platforms, procedures, and
reagents for epigenomics research• Support discovery of novel epigenomic marks• Conduct demonstration projects to evaluate how
epigenomes change in disease, with age, or following environmental exposures;
• Develop new technologies for single cell epigenomic analysis and in vivo imaging of epigenetic activity; and
• Create a public data resource to accelerate the application of epigenomics approaches.
April 5, 2008
Director’s New Innovator Award
Award supports New investigators who have not yet obtained a traditional NIH R01 grant
Goal: to support highly innovative research projects with potential for exceptionally great impact on biomedical or behavioral science
Each grant is for five years and up to a total of $1.5 million in direct costs
NIH made 29 New Innovators awards in September 2007
April 5, 2008
New Innovator in Nutrition Research
Dr. Kjersti Aagaard-Tillery, Baylor
“Characterization of the Fetal Primate Epigenome and Metabolome”
The novel innovation and significance resides within the potential to provide 1) an expanded understanding of the mechanism through which a maternal high fat diet reprograms primate gene expression, and 2) a simple intervention (essential nutrient supplementation with neither diet nor behavioral modification) with tremendous potential impact given the current obesity epidemic and the lack of efficacious therapeutics.
April 5, 2008
The “toxic environment”
April 5, 2008
Why do people behave the way theydo when they know better?
What strategies might be most successful in effecting
behavior change?
Health and Behavior
April 5, 2008
Science of Behavior Change
Three year Pilot Program What is the biology underlying motivation and
changes in motivation? What are current practices for incenting people
to change behaviors? Which are most effective? What new strategies may be suggested from
prior efforts and from basic neuroscience? How can we test these strategies most
effectively?
April 5, 2008
Nutrition Research Looking Forward
How can Nutrition Researchers continue to make good use of the NIH Common Fund?• Maintain fluid communication with the NIH at multiple
levels– Know your Program Directors, talk to them– Let NIH Leadership know of fundamental barriers to your
research– Talk to OPASI
Informal communication is always welcome Requests for Input – annually (to be launched shortly)
– Continue to take advantage of existing initiatives Apply for funding Take advantage of resources, data, new technologies