Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction
Key Facts about Haemophilus Influenzae
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
IntroductionHaemophilus influenzae is a bacteria first described in
1892 during an influenza pandemic Important cause of invasive
disease causing pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis,
epiglottitis mainly in childrenIt has six serotypes from a to f,
type b is most invasiveHaemophilus Influenzae B (Hib)Haemophilus
Influenzae
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
IntroductionAcute respiratory infections (2 million deaths each
year) are the leading infectious cause of death in children 1 mo to
5 years of age. S. pneumo causes approximately 800,000 of those
deaths, Hib accounts for almost 400K. Diarrheal diseases are the
second leading cause of death with 1.7 million deaths 500K are
estimated to be due to rotavirus. Other leading causes of death
include Malaria (853), Measles (395) HIV aids (321)Meningitis case
fatality rates in developing countries >20%. For pneumonia, Hib
case fatality rates can be 5-15%.15- 35% of survivors of meningitis
suffer permanent neurologic damage
Hib bacteria live in the nose and throat area. Like measles, Hib
bacteria are passed from child to child in air droplets when an
infected child coughs or sneezes.
Spreads mainly by coughing or sneezing with air droplets
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction55The pneumococcus is spread by contact with
respiratory droplets containing the bacteria.Any person carrying
the pneumococcus in their nasopharynx and some persons with disease
(such as pneumonia who can cough up secretions containing bacteria)
can spread the bacteria to others.
Some persons exposed will not become a carrier nor infected
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction66Not everyone exposed to contaminated respiratory
droplets will develop disease.Some persons exposed will become
carriers of the pneumococcus, and a subset of these persons will
progress from NP colonization to disease manifestation.
A subset of those exposed will develop disease
Insight into Operational Guidelines on Pentavalent Vaccine
Introduction77
Hib incidence rate (per 100,000 children under age 5)
