GOOD AFTERNOON

TATTOO MARKSThe new generation life style……!!

Pawan Kumar B

BY :

moderator

DR. APOORVA CHANDRA…

SIMS & RC…!!

DEFINITION

“Tattoos are designs made by multiple small puncture wounds , made through the

skin with needles or similar penetrating tools

dipped in colouring agents ( dye ).”

Derived from Polynesian “Ta Tau” = to mark

TATTOO HISTORY The word tattoo comes from the

Polynesian “tatu” which means “to mark something.” Originally called “painting” or

“staining” Believed that the first known

tattoo dates back to 4,000 B.C. (body of man, skin bears cross behind one knee and a series of lines above the kidneys)

Egyptian and Nubian mummies (practiced around 2000 B.C.)

Ancient Greeks used Tattooing for communication among spies

Ancient Romans used tattoos to mark criminals and slaves.

(Philippine Man)

TYPES OF TATTOOS

Traumatic Tattoos

Amateur Tattoos

Professional Tattoos

Cosmetic Tattoos

Medical Tattoos

TRAUMATIC TATTOOS (NATUARAL)

Coal miners get tattoo characteristics when any wound gets exposed to coal dust or gunpowder.

When a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound caused by accident .

--Difficult to remove as they spread

across several different layers of skin

AMATEUR & PROFESSIONAL TATTOOS

These tattoos serve as marks of status and rank, symbols of

religion & spiritual devotion , decoration of bravery,

pledges of love , punishment Marks of outcasts, slaves & convicts. To symbolize their identification to

particular ethnic groups , including criminal gangs.

AMATEUR PROFESSIONAL

Often single colour is used. – INDIA INK.

Can be applied by someone , at home , using needle & India ink.

Depth of penetration varies.

Tattoo contain several colours.

Created by trained practitioner at a tattoo parlour.

Applied uniformly beneath the skin.

A TRIBAL HAND TATTOO in jaipur , INDIA

PROFESSIONAL TATTOOS

COSMETIC TATTOOS

o Also called as PERMANENT MAKEUP .o It includes hiding or neutralizing skin

discolorations.o Use of tattoo to enhance eyebrows, lips

, eyeliner , even moles which resembles natural makeup.

TATTOOED LIP MAKEUPPERMANENT EYE LINER

MEDICAL TATTOOS

“A tattoo used for indicating a medically relevant condition & body location.’’

Used to ensure instruments are properly located for repeated application of radiotherapy and for the areola in some forms of breast reconstruction.

MEDICAL TATTOOS →CONTD.

Convey medical information about the wearer .

e.g., blood group , medical condition , etc..

Used in skin tones to cover VITILIGO , a skin pigmentation disorder.

Members of military family have their vital information tattooed to them , usually on the rib cage below the axilla -------MEAT TAGS

MEDICAL TATTOO

Indicating type of D.M.

COMMONLY USED DYES.

Indian Ink Cobalt & Indigo Carbon (black) china ink Cinnabar ( mercuric sulfide )

Chromic acid prussian blue

Optimum depth of penetration: Superficial layers of dermis.

Permanency of tattoo marks: Depends on o Type of dye used : Vermilion & Ultramarine fades after 10

yrs.

o Depth of penetration : As the depth is more permanency is more &

viceversa

o Part of body tattooed.

LATENT TATTOO MARKS

Faded Tattoo mark becomes visible by The use UV lamp. rubbing the part, by examining with

magnifying glass in strong light. Infrared photography makes old tattoo

visible. In decomposed bodies , when

epidermis is removed by wiping the area with moist paper towel or a piece of cloth .

UV LAMP METHOD

COMPLICATIONS

Septic Inflammation Allergies AIDS Abscess Gangrene Syphilis Leprosy T.B. Burns by MRI scan .

NATURAL DISAPPEARANCE OF TATTOO MARKS:

Vermillion, cinnabar – disappear after min of 10 years.

Black pigments ( Indian ink ) – permanent

ARTIFICIAL REMOVAL OF TATTOO MARKS

1 .SURGICAL METHODS : Complete excision & Skin Grafting . Production of burn by means of Red Hot Iron . Scarification . CO2 snow .

2 . ELECTROLYSIS

3 . CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES : Removes pigments by Inflammatory

reaction . e.g ,Zn chloride & Tannic acid.

SKIN GRAFTING

SCARIFICATION CARBON DIOXIDE SNOW

4. LASER BEAM : By exposure to laser beams , particles

of dye gets vapourised & expelled in gaseous form.

5. Confluent smallpox obliterates tattoo marks in children.

FORENSIC IMPORTANCE OF TATTOO MARKS

Identity: Race, religion, occupation,name of

person or his beloved ones, date of birth / marriage, etc.

Religion , God of Worship Indicates Culture & Lifestyle Distribution of tattooing, nature of designs may indicate particular

country or religion. Mental make up / desire: obscene figures

FORENSIC IMPORTANCE OF TATTOO MARKS

Gang members wear a tattoo of allegiance & symbolism to their status.

Drug addicts (concealing site)Homosexuals (tattoo on back or

web of thumb)

A member of MEXICAN MAFIA has the organization name tattooed on his abdomen.

RELIGIOUS TATTOO.

DRUG ADDICTS HAVING TATTOO

SYDNEY SHARK CASE

SYDNEY SHARK CASE

James smith disappeared on April 8 , 1935. 14 days later a shark caught alive , which

vomited a human arm. Arm was severed from dead body by a sharp

weapon. Arm had tattoo of two men boxing on the arm. Smith’s wife & brother identified as Smith’s

hand. Fingerprint also revealed same. Later , criminal caught by Sydney police.

THANK YOU

Everything we hear is an opinion , not a fact .

Everything we see is a perspective , not a truth.

-Marcus Aurelius