Nutrition
NutritionDr.S.Sethupathy, M.D.,Ph.D.,Professor and Head,
Division of Biochemistry,RMMC,AU
Thyroid hormoneMaintains basal metabolic rate ( Resting
metabolic rate)Hypothyroidism in adults myxedemaIn New born causes
cretinism mental retardation So Pregnant women should be screened
for thyroid function
Hypothyroid before and after Treatment
Energy requirements30% RMR40% RMR
Protein energy malnutritionBoth protein and energy deficiency
results in marasmusMainly protein deficiency results in
kwashiorkar
OvernutritionExcess calorie intake leads to triacylglycerol
accumulation in adipose tissueBody mass index = Weight in Kg /
Height in m 2 ( W/ H2 )Non obese 20 24.9Over weight 25 29.9 Obese
Gr 1 30 34.9Obese Gr 2 35 39.9Obese Gr 3 >40
Obesity
Nutritional requirements
Vitamin C deficiencyScurvy swelling and bleeding gums, swelling
of jointsRich sources of vitamin C- Amla, lime, orangePickles have
Vitamin C intactVitamin C gets easily oxidized Only fresh
fruits
Scurvy
Vitamin ARequired for VisionDeficiency results in night
blindness, rough skin (Toad skin) , eye lens gets dislodged causing
blindnessRich sources- Spinach, carrot, papaya, mango,tomato
Vitamin A deficiency- Lt eye blind
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin DMaintains calcium absorption for bone growthDeficiency
leads to Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adultsChildren bow
legsRich sources- fish liver oil, fish, egg yolk, milk , nuts and
sunlight exposureMorning everyday 20 mins- sunlight exposure
Rickets
ThiamineThiamine deficiency causes beri beri In wet beri beri
cardiac failureIn dry beri beri neurological
manifestationsAlcoholics- commonly affectedRich sources- rice bran,
unpolished rice, whole wheat, yeast
Wet and dry beriberi
Niacin Niacin deficiency causes pellagraFeatures are diarrhoea,
dermatitis, dementiaNecklace sign dermatitis in sunlight exposed
skinRich sources - Dried yeast, rice polishing, liver, peanut,
whole cereals, meat and fish
Niacin deficiency
Niacin deficiency
Folic acidFolic acid is needed for RBC maturationPrevents neural
tube defect in foetusDeficiency results in macrocytic
anaemiaPregnant women should be given folic acid supplementsRich
sources- yeast, green leafy vegetables. Cereals pulses, oil seeds,
egg moderate sources
Macrocytic anaemia
RiboflavinRiboflavin is involved in many oxido reduction
reactionsDeficiency results in inflammation of tongue (Glossitis),
Lips (cheilosis), angles of mouth (angular stomatitis)Rich sources
- Liver, dried yeast, egg , milk ,whole cereals , legumes, green
leafy vegetables
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis
Vitamin KRequired for coagulationDeficiency results in bleeding
tendencyBruising tendency, echymotic patches, mucous membrane
hemorrhage, internal bleedingRich sources- Green leafy
vegetables.It is also from intestinal bacterial synthesis.
Vitamin K deficiency
IronRequired for hemoglobin synthesis and so RBC
formationDeficiency results in diminished hemoglobin and so
hypochromic and microcytic anaemiaPregnant women should be given
iron supplementsRich sources- meat, spinach ,dried fruit, sea food,
beans
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thank you
