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NANO TECHNOLOGY- ITS ROLE IN CANCER DETECTION AND TREATMENT
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ITS ROLE IN CANCER DETECTION AND TREATMENT
Presented by :-
ER. ANKUR PRAKASH SINGH
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Topics• Introduction• History• Cancer detection and treatment using nanotechnological devices
Cancer▫ Causes of cancer
• Applications of nanoparticles▫ Nanoparticles are small enough to enter cells▫ Nanodevices can improve cancer detection ▫ Nanoshells as cancer therapy▫ Improving cancer treatment
• Advantages Advantage of nanotechnology treatment
• Disadvantages• Conclusion• Future of nanotechnology
IntroductionNanotechnology is the engineering of functional
systems at the molecular scale.
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on the nano- scale.
A nanometer is…One billionth of a meter
Nanoscale
Human hair: approx. 1x105 nmDNA sample: approx. 2 nm
The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of physics dr. Richard P.Feynman.
Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery of fullerene(c60) in 1985 lead to the emergence
Of nanotechnology.
The term “nano-technology" had been
coined by norio taniguchi in 1974
History
Cancer detection and treatment using nanotechnological devices
CancerCancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth.
Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors.
Tumor in breast tumor in colon
Causes of cancerExternal factors – chemicals, radiation, viruses,
and lifestyleInternal factors – hormones, immune conditions,
and inherited mutationsCellular change
Applications of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are Small enough to enter cells
Cell
White blood cell
Water molecule
Nanodevices
Nanoparticles
-Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000 nanometers in diameter. Nanoscale devices (less than 100 nanometers) can enter cells and the organelles inside them to interact with dna and proteins. Tools developed through nanotechnology may be able to detect disease in a very small amount of cells or tissue. They may also be able to enter and monitor cells within a living body.
Nanodevices can improve cancer detectionDetection of cancer at early stages is a critical step in improving cancer treatment. Currently, detection and diagnosis of cancer usually depend on changes in cells and tissues that are detected by a doctor’s physical touch or imaging expertise.
Nanoshells as cancer therapy
Researchers can already link nanoshells to antibodies that recognize cancer cells. Scientists envision letting these nanoshells seek out their cancerous targets, then applying near-infrared light. In laboratory cultures, the heat generated by the light-absorbing nanoshells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving neighboring cells intact.
Improving cancer treatmentNanotechnology treatmentTraditional treatment
Intact noncancerous cells
Noncancerous cells
Toxins Nanodevices
CancerCells
Dead noncancerous cells
Noncancerous cells
Drugs
DeadCancerCells
DeadCancerCells
ToxinsCancerCells
Advantages
Advantages of nanotechnology treatment Nanoscale devices have the potential to radically
change cancer therapy for the better and to dramatically increase the number of highly effective therapeutic agents
Nanotechnology may also be useful for developing ways to eradicate cancer cells without harming healthy, neighboring cells.
Disadvantages
Disadvantages Cancer targeting is highly dependent on surface
chemistry. Not just any nanoparticle will work. The need for biocompatible and stable
nanoparticles Side-effects and toxicity Environmental impact Uncharted territory
Conclusion-Different types of cancer cells have unique
properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles to target the cancer cells
-nanoparticles can be used to detect and to treat cancer (by heat ablation, chemotherapy, gene therapy).
-No human trials have been performed yet and human trials are still at least a few years away. (Unknown side effects, toxicity, difficulty in manufacturing and harmful byproducts, need for highly specific nanoparticles
Future of nanotechnology
Referencesen.wikipedia.org
http://www.nanotec.or.th
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics
http://www.sciencedirect.com
Thank you!
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