DEFINITION

• Injuries and disorders to muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments and joints.

• Result from bodily reactions due to working hard, stretch farther, direct impact and repetitive movement.

TYPES OF MUSCULOSKELET

AL DISORDERS

LIGAMENTS

TENDONS

MUSCLES

JOINTS

BONES

TENDONS• Tendinitis

– Inflammation of a tendon.– Caused by overuse and repetitive movement.– Effect:

• Elbow• Wrist• Shoulder• Leg• Ankle

Carpal tunnel Carpal tunnel syndromesyndrome

DIFFERENT

JOINTSJOINTSOSTEOARTHRITIS OSTEOARTHRITIS (DEGENERATIVE (DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS)ARTHRITIS)

• A type of arthritis that caused by inflammation, breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints.

RHEUMATOID RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)ARTHRITIS (RA)

• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.

JOINTS

Bones

OSTEOPOROSIS

FRACTURE

LOWER BACK PAIN

Bones (example)

• Osteoporosis• A disease in which bones become fragile and more

likely to break.

                       Normal bone Osteoporosi

s

Bones (example)

Lower back pain• Abnormal posture position of spinal cord

Muscles

SPASM

DOMS

TEAR

STRAIN

Muscle (example)• Muscle strain

• A muscles is pulled to the point of tearing

Muscle (example)• DOMS

LIGAMENTSo Attached bone to boneKnee Ankle Shoulder ElbowThumb

ACL injuries

PCL injuries

MCL injuries

LCL injuries

types of ligament injurytypes of ligament injury

Ligament

CLASSIFICATION OF LIGAMENT INJURY

GRADE I GRADE II GRADE III

oSome pain oPain oExtremely pain

oMinimum loss of function

oModerate loss of function

oMajor loss of function

oLittle or no swelling oSwelling oSevere instability

oNo abnormal motion when tested

oModerate instability oSwelling

GENERAL

CAUSES Repeated and heavy lifting Bending and twisting Repeated an action too often Working long have without break Using to much force Uncomfortable working position Pushing and pulling Adverse working condition/ environment

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS• Numbness or a burning sensation in the hand• Reduced grip strength in the hand.• Loss of muscle function or weakness.• Swelling or stiffness in the joints• Deformities.• Pain in wrists, forearms, elbows, neck or back

followed by discomfort when making movements.• Reduced in the range of motion in the shoulder, neck

or back• Experience extreme pain.

TREATMENTS• Increase flexible.

• Exercise.

• Avoid take excessive acid concentration.

• Take calcium for bone density.

• Modification of the work place.

• Tools and equipment.

PREVENTION• Do strength-training and balance exercises at least

2-3 times per week to avoid sprains and strains.

• Maintaining a healthy weight, wearing shoes that fit properly and avoiding exercise when tired or in pain.

• Avoid overusing muscles to ward off muscle cramps and staying hydrated to prevent muscle cramps.

• Avoid repetitive movements such as typing on a keyboard without a break to prevent tendinitis.

INVESTIGATIONX- rayMRIUltrasoundLabs

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune

disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.

RHEUMATOID RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)ARTHRITIS (RA)

WHAT CAUSES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

• “Unknown”

• The viruses, bacteria and fungi

• Genetically inherited

• Environmental factor (smoking tobacco)

WHAT ARE THE SYMTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

- fatigue

- loss of energy

- lack of appetite

- loss of weight

- low grade fever

- joint stiffness

- muscle weak

- anemia

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

• Edema

• Swelling

• Redness

HOW IS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TREATED?

• Medications

- fast-acting "first-line drugs"

- slow-acting "second-line drugs"

• Rest

• Joint-strengthening exercises

• Joint protection

• Patient and family education

• Reduce inflammation

“There is no known cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis”

HOW TO PREVENT?• Not known the way to prevent,

but………

• Cigarette smoking is one environmental risk factor for RA that you can avoid.