Catherine Shirima

&Calvin Kaaya

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Presentation ;29 JAN 2015

CONTENTS;

•Description of disease and Epidemiology•Causative agent(s)•Clinical manifestations•Diagnosis and Differential diagnosis•Treatment •Prevention and Control•References

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE

Mumps is an acute respiratory tract infectious disease caused by mumps virus,

Parotitis and Orchitis were described by HIPPOCRATES 5th century BC While virus etiology was firstly described by Johnson and Goodpasture in 1934.

it occurs primarily in school-aged children and adolescents.The most prominent manifestation is nonsuppurative swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands with one or both parotid glands involved in most cases.

DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY• Reservoir Human

• Transmission Respiratory drop nuclei Subclinical infections may transmit

• Temporal pattern Peak in late winter and spring

• Communicability Three days before to four days onset of active

disease

CAUSATIVE AGENT

oMumps virus is a typical paramyxovirus. It is a singlestranded, negative-sense RNA surrounded by an envelope. Sensitive to ether,ultraviolet and high temperature

oHumans are the only natural hosto It has two major surface glycoproteins,One with both

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and The other with cell-fusion protein.

o It is found in saliva ,urine, and CSF. It is highly contagious.

Family Paramyxoviridae

Subfamily Paramyxovirina

Genus  Rubalavirus

Species Mumps Virus

CAUSATIVE AGENT CONT…..

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

Nonspecific symptoms of low-grade fever, headache, muscle aches (myalgia), reduced appetite, and malaise occur during the first 48 hours of mumps infection.

Parotid gland swelling (PAROTITIS)characteristically is present on day three of illness. (The parotid gland is a salivary gland located anterior to the ear and above the angle of the jaw.)

Referred pain to the ear may also occur (IPSILATERAL EAR ACHE). Parotid gland swelling may last up to 10 days, and adults generally experience worse

symptoms than children. Patients with parotitis have difficulty with pronunciation and mastication. Other salivary

glands involved include submandibular adenitis and sublingual adenitis Approximately 95% of individuals who develop symptoms of mumps will experience

tender inflammation of their parotid glands.Inflammation of the brain, encephalitis, and inflammation of the tissue covering the

brain and spinal cord, or meningitis, can develop as complication of mumps.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (PAROTITIS)

PAROTITIS

COMPLICATIONS OF MUMPS

COMPLICATION OF MUMPS

OOPHORITISORCHITIS

DIAGNOSIS

In most instances, the diagnosis of mumps is made on the basis of a exposure history and of parotid swelling and tenderness accompanied other symptoms.

Laboratory Diagnosis is done by:• Isolation of mumps virus specimen from saliva, urine and secretions

from CSF and stensens duct.• Serologic testing

positive IgM antibodysignificant increase in IgG antibody. Processes used to detect IgG

antibodies include, complement fixation, hemagglutinin inhibition, or enzyme immuno assay

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Suppurative parotitisOther viral parotitis: caused by parainfluenza virus, coxsackievirus and influenza A virus. ---serologic tests or viral cultureParotid enlargement caused by other reasonsOrchitis and Oophoritis caused by STI such as

chlamydia and gonnorhea

TREATMENT

• Mumps is a self-limiting disease, the swelling usually resolve after 10days and more. Even the orchitis and oophoritis resolve after few days unless caused by bacterial infection.

• Ibuprofen is prescribed to relieve pain from headaches and tenderness from parotitis

• Cold packs to swollen areas will help relieve additional discomfort• Avoid acidic drinks such as fruit juice as these can irritate your

parotid glands; water is usually the best fluid to drink• Also Home Remedies have prove to be effective against mumps

example garlic , ginger, aloe vera, asparagus and black pepper

TREATMENT CONT….

PREVENTION

• Mumps vaccine is the best way to prevent mumps. This vaccine is included in the combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccines.

• For the most effective results, two doses of the vaccine are recommended. Two doses of mumps vaccine are 88% effective (range: 66-95%) at preventing the disease; one dose is 78% (range: 49%−92%) effective. The first vaccine against mumps was licensed in the United States in 1967, and by 2005, high two-dose childhood vaccination coverage reduced disease rates by 99%.

• The first dose should be delivered between the ages of 12 and 15 months of age; the second should be delivered between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. If a child was not previously vaccinated then a dose should be administered between the ages of 11 and 12.

MMR COMPLICATIONS

• Fever 5%-15%• Rash 5%• Joint symptoms 25%• Thrombocytopenia <1/30,000 doses• Parotitis rare• Deafness rare• Encephalopathy <1/1,000,000 doses

MMR VACCINE….

CONTROL

stay away from school, college or work until five days after you first developed symptoms

wash your hands regularly, using soap and wateralways use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough

and sneeze, and throw the tissue in a bin immediately afterwardsIt should be noted that disease is highly contagious through saliva ,

urine or any fluid secretion from the victim

REFERENCES

• https://www.google.co.tz/url/evans.amedd.army.mil%2Fqsd%2FDocuments%2FIC%2FMUMPS.ppt9tVJsZH-WYFQ

• https://www.google.co.tz/url/slideshare.net%2Fdoctorrao%2FmumpsEfl584Hn4A

• http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2010/914/4• BRS Microbiology & Immunology, 4E 2002 (Page 124 Chapter 4

VIROLOGY)• Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology, Second Edition- Subhash

Parija (Chapter 79 Section VI page 639 and Chapter 64 Section IV page 519)

END OF PRESENTATION