MQ: Medical Conditions

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Topic: Medical Conditions


Visceral leishmaniasis is the second-largest parasitic killer in the world (after malaria), responsible for an estimated 500,000 cases each year worldwide. It first came to the attention of Western doctors in 1824 in Jessore, India (now Bangladesh), where it was initially thought to be a form of malaria. The agent of the disease was also first isolated in India—by Scottish doctor William Leishman and Irish physician Charles Donovan, working independently of each other. As they published their discovery almost simultaneously, the species was named for both of them—Leishmania donovani.

By what name is this disease popularly known?

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And the answer is ….


Kala Azar


This man lived in the 1600s and described the symptoms of Beriberi in a Dutch seaman, but the disease continued to be around till Ejkmaan’s study in the 1890s. He also described the devastating effects of tobacco smoking, discovered the valve at the junction of the small and large intestines (the valve is now known by his name) and made several other medical contributions. He also wrote a book on pharmacopoeia and any chemist wishing to set up shop in Amsterdam had to pass an exam based on this book. He became the Mayor of Amsterdam in 1654 and served for four terms.

How has he been immortalized?

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Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, immortalized in Rembrandt’s “The Anatomy lesson of Dr. Tulp”


This 1938 Hollywood movie depicts the heroic efforts of a US Army Major to put an end to the Yellow Fever epidemic. The man succeeded and became a legend in US medical history. But he himself always credited the work to a Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay, who put forward the same theory 20 years ahead of him.

His 1902 discovery of the Aedes mosquito as the carrier of the disease paved the way for the US to take over the Panama Canal project in 1904, after a French effort had been waylaid by malaria and yellow fever. Name this iconic doctor.

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Walter Reed, after whom the US Army’s flagship medical center in Washington is named.


He published an article on hysteria in the German Army, which angered Bismarck, and an article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames. He described the symptoms of something he named maladie des tics which he observed in nine patients in 1884.What did his mentor rename the affliction as?

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Tourette’s Syndrome


The image here shows a chromosomal disorder which is named for a British doctor.

Explain and name this disorder which is often associated with some impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth as well as facial appearance.

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Down’s Syndrome; there are three instead of two chromosomes in the 21st set


6Which disease is characterized by these black lesions?




Anthrax, from ‘coal’. Remember one of the forms of coal is anthracite


Some like smallpox, herpes, fall into one class.Others, usually the most prevalent, like rabies, measles, Ebola, mumps, common cold, polio, rubella and influenza, fall onto another class.Explain.

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DNA virus diseases and RNA virus diseases


The Myelin Project is an international scientific research organization aimed at accelerating clinical and translational research focused on myelin repair and to regenerate the nerve's myelin sheath, — a process called remyelination — destroyed in a host of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and the leukodystrophies.The organisation was founded by Augusto Odone and his wife Michaela to help their son who was suffering from ALD (Adrenal Leukodystrophy). Which movie is based on the story of the Odone family and their fight against ALD and associated diseases?

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Lorenzo’s Oil


Who is the most famous patient of an extreme form of the genetic disease neurofibromotosis?

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Joseph Merrick, the Elephant Man


This syndrome causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly beautiful or a large amount of art is in a single place. It is named after a famous 19th century French author who described his experience with the phenomenon during his 1817 visit to Florence, Italy in his book Naples and Florence: A Journey from Milan to Reggio.

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Stendhal Syndrome

Health & Medicine

MQ: Medical Conditions