Molecular folding Veronica Sarassa González

Verónica Sarassa GonzálezSchool of Health

SciencesSemester III

February 12 / 2011

INTRODUCTION

Elusive Z-DNA Found On Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily Jan. 20, 2012). A team of researchers led by Dr Keji Zhao discovered that they could convert B-DNA to Z-DNA on nucleosomes.

Human Immune Cells React Sensitively to 'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily (Feb. 2, 2012). Scientists working with Professor Bernd Kaina of the Institute of Toxicology at the Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz demonstrated that monocytes are extremely sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS).

ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.

(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).

• The DNA is the nucleic acid that carries the genetic information.

• The B-DNA is the most known form of DNA.

• The Z-DNA forms in a process of negative

supercoiling, and it is a left-handed variety of

the DNA .

www.sciencedaily.com

Cromosome

Cromatin

Nucleosome

Protein

DNA



What did scientists thought?

• Before: Z-DNA only forms in

presence of RNA polymerase.

• Now:The protein SWI/SNF can

convert B in Z-DNA




The Z-nucleosome is a new structure formed

by the convertion of B-DNA to Z-DNA in

nucleosomes, with the addition of SWI/SNF

and ATP.




Opinion: With the new forms of

DNA, like Z-DNA in the near future scientists will be able to manipulate the genetic information.



Monocyte

• Monocytes are white blood cells important in the inmune system.

• These cells are made in the bone marrow, and they spread through the body in one to three days. They can develop into either dendritic cells or macrophages.

Macrophage

• A type of white blood that ingests foreign material. Macrophages are key players in the immune response to foreign invaders such as infectious microorganisms.

ROS

• Aggressive forms of oxygen that are generated during states of "oxidative stress" and play a significant role in various diseases.



HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS REACT SENSITIVELY TO 'STRESS‘ (Sciencedaily (Feb.

2, 2012)

Monocytes

Macrophages :

ROS

BloodstreamTissue

Production


Sensibility to ROS

MONOCYTES MACROPHAGES



2, 2012)

ROS Are the reason for

this study, scientists wanted to show the relationship between

monocytes and them. They cause

damages in the DNA and lead to cell

death or malignant transformation.


2, 2012)


Opinion:

Due to how dangerous ROS are, it is important to know the mechanisms that

lead to the production of them, because in this way scientists can find a way to

protect cells and the organism from them.


2, 2012)

MEDICAL UTILITY: Elusive Z-DNA Found On Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily

Jan. 20, 2012)

Regulation of the genetic expression. For example, in a family that the gen of albinism has been

present throughout generations, the posssibility for it to stop expressing.www.sciencedaily.com

Block the genetic expression. For example, blocking the gene of

cancer, that could appear in any time of a person’s life

MEDICAL UTILITY: Elusive Z-DNA Found On Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily

Jan. 20, 2012)

MEDICAL UTILITY: Human Immune Cells React Sensitively to 'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily

(Feb. 2, 2012)

ROS will cellular oxidation, which will lead to the control of cell

aging. With the pass of time, there will be

more treatments that help people to

avoid situations related with aging.


Apoptosis will low it’s levels because of the reduction of the oxidant

effect.

MONOCYTEMONOCYT

E

MEDICAL UTILITY: Human Immune Cells React Sensitively to 'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily

(Feb. 2, 2012)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2012/01/120120183042.htm

• ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com- /releases/2012/02/120202093834.htm

• MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 2. ed. Medellín: UPB. Fac. de Medicina, 2006. 208

THANKS

Health & Medicine

Molecular folding Veronica Sarassa González