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it is mainly based on Neisseria Meningitidis
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NEISSERIA
MENINGITIDISBY. LOVELY KAMFWA
INTRODUCTION TO N.
MENINGITIDIS
IT IS ALSO REFERED TO AS MENINGOCOCCUS.
IT CAUSES MENINGITIS AND OTHER FORMS OF
MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASES.
IT’S ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATHS.
THE BACTERIA ARE OFTEN ROUND AND JOINED
IN PAIRES.
THEY ARE GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA.
ABOUT N. MENINGITIDIS
IT’S A NORMAL FLORA IN THE NASOPHARYNX.
IT EXISTS ABOUT 5% TO 15 %
CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH THE EXCHANGE OF
SALIVA.
OTHER RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS.
DURING COUGHING, SNEEZING, KISSING ETC.
ABOUT N. MENINGITIDIS
A LIFE-THREATENING SEPSIS.
IMPAIRED IMMUNITY MAY BE AT PARTICULAR RISK.
RISK FACTORS RESPIRATORY INFECTION, SMOKING,
AND COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCY.
THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS SHORT, FROM 2 TO 10
DAYS.
LABORATORY TEST
SPECIMENS USED; MAINLY CSF AND BLOOD.
UPPON RECEIVING THE SPECIMEN, DO;
GRAM STAIN IMMEDIATELY.
IF RESULTS ARE POSITIVE, GO AHEAD AND DO
SENSITIVITY.
BUT YOU CAN ALSO DO GENERAL CULTURE.
NOTES TO REMEMBERN. MENINGITIDIS MAY OCCUR INTRACELLULARLY OR
EXTRACELLULARLY .
IT WILL APPEAR AS GRAM-NEGATIVE, COFFEE-BEAN
SHAPED DIPLOCOCCI.
GRAM+ BACTERIA CAN BE MADE TO APPEAR GRAM-
BY OVER-DECOLORIZATION.
GRAM- BACTERIA CAN BE MADE TO APPEAR GRAM+
BY UNDER DECOLORIZATION.
CULTURINGMEDIAS USED;
BLOOD AGAR PLATE OR
CHOCOLATE AGAR PLATE.
NEISSERIA MENENGITIDIS WILL BE POSITIVE
ON BOTH B.A AND C.A PLATE.
ON B.A PLATE
IT WILL USUALLY GROW WELL
ON CHOCOLATE PLATE
IT WILL ALSO GROW WELL ON CAP
OXIDASE TEST
OXIDASE POSITIVE N.MENINGITIDIS
OXIDASE NEGATIVE NOT N. MENINGITIDIS
POSITIVE DO CRYSTINE TRYPTICASE AGAR (CTA).
SUGAR TESTING.
ACID PRODUCTION, N.MENINGITIDIS POSITIVE
NO ACID PRODUCTION, NEGATIVE.
PREVENTION
PERSONS SHOULD BE HOSPITALIZED.
DISEASE CAN DISSEMINATE RAPIDLY.
INTRAMUSCULAR ANTIBIOTICS IS GIVEN.
ANTIBIOTICS LIKE CEFOTAXINE CEFTRIAXONE.
PREVENTION
RECEIVE MEDICATION, KEEPERS.
ESPECIALLY YOUNG CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILD
CARE GIVERS
ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH A PATIENT.
E.G. UTENSILS, MEDICAL INTERVATION. ETC.
PREVENTION
ANYONE ATE, SLEPT OR STAYED AT PATIENTS
HOME.
DURING 7DAYS BEFORE THE ONSET OF
SYMPTOMS.
RECEIVE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS.