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What is Medical Professionalism? Medicine’s contract with society Ann Intern Med. 5 February 2002;136(3):243- 246

Medical professionalism workshop 11 may 2013

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Page 1: Medical professionalism workshop 11 may 2013

What is Medical Professionalism?

Medicine’s contract with society

Ann Intern Med. 5 February 2002;136(3):243-246

Page 2: Medical professionalism workshop 11 may 2013

Medical Professionalism Through the Centuries

Hippocratic Oath 5BC

The Oath of MaimonidesFirst printed in 1793

Physician’s OathWHO, 1948

Physician’s PledgeSMC, 1995

Physician Charter* 2005

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“The physician fills two roles in society: healer and professional.”

Cruess SR, Johnston S, Cruess RL. Professionalsim for Medicine: Opportunities and Obligations. Iowa Orthop J. 2004; 24: 9–15.

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Source: Drs R & S Creuss

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What does medical professionalism mean to medical students, residents, academic faculty and patients? 

All have three primary concerns:Clinical competencePatient RelationshipsCharacter virtues

MEDICAL EDUCATION 2007; 41: 288–294

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FACULTY RESIDENTS STUDENTS PATIENTSKnowledge & technical skill

Decisiveness & being succinct

Reciprocity of patient-doctor relationship

Patient relationships

Value of life experience

Be available 24/7 Tone of voice & body language

Dealing with stress Peer-based duty Need for superior colleagues to respect students

Help patients make hard decisions

Power of resiliency Beyond normal demands for compassion

Caring, reassuring compassionate , approachable & give hope

Empowerment vs authoritarianism

Might hurt someone

Maturity Takes effort to remain compassionate

“See me, hear me, feel with me & be fair to us”Importance of 

other staff members

Trust & spiritual angst

Have time for patients

Unique elements from the different focus groups

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“Care more for the individual patient than for the special features of the disease. . . . Put yourself in his place . . . The kindly word, the cheerful greeting, the sympathetic look — these the patient understands.”

Sir William Osler (1849-1919)British (Canadian born) Physician & Mentor

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Medical professionalism involves expectations and obligations on both the physician and society

Drs. Richard and Sylvia Cruess of McGill University leaders in Medical Professionalism

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Expectations: The Public & The Medical ProfessionPatient’s/public’s expectation’s of doctors Medicine’s expectations of patients/public

Fulfill role of healer Trust sufficient to meet patient’s needs

Assured competence of physicians Autonomy sufficient to exercise judgment

Timely access to competent care Role in public policy in health

Altruistic service Shared responsibility for health

Morality, integrity, honesty Balanced lifestyle

Trustworthiness (codes of ethics) Rewards: nonfinancial (respect,status),financial

Accountability/transparency

Respect for patient autonomy

Source of objective advice

Promotion of the public good Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 51, number 4 (autumn 2008): 579–98

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We define medical professionalism as a set of values, behaviours, and relationships that 

underpin the trust the public has in doctors

Working Party of the Royal College of PhysiciansClin Med. 2005 Nov-Dec;5(6 Suppl 1):S5-40.

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Trust breaks down when expectations are not met 

       Doctor lacks trust in patient when patient doesn’t mention past medical history (especially if deliberate) 

        Patient lacks trust in doctor when the patient perceives a lack of professionalism

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“Doctor is a pervert. He kept staring at my boobs.”

“Dr XXX is an impatient person who talks very loudly and is rude to me.  He doesn’t understand the needs of the patient…”

Dr very tactless…he should evaluate his calling to serve patients. If this is not his vocation, I suggest he go change his trade. Apparently he has no love in doing what he is called to do.

Patient feedbackKTPH

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SMC Ethical Code & Ethical Guidelines

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Application of SMC Ethical Code in daily practice

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Be dedicated to providing competent, compassionate and appropriate medical care to patients.

What do you do if you don’t know how to treat a patient?

How do you remain compassionate when your last patient turns up 30 minutes late for his appointment?

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Be an advocate for patients’ care and well being and endeavour to ensure that patients suffer no harm.

Do you turn off life support in a brain-dead patient if the relatives refuse?

Euthanasia & Physician-assisted death overseas and in Singapore

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Provide access to and treat patients without prejudice of race, religion, creed, social standing, disability or financial status. A doctor shall also be prepared to treat patients on an emergency or humanitarian basis when circumstances permit.

How do you give low income patients the best treatment when they can’t afford it?

 

What level of care do you give a foreign worker when they need emergency care but cannot pay?

 

Would you offer an active 71 year old aggressive treatment for breast cancer?

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Abide by all laws and regulations governing medical practice and abideby the code of ethics of the profession.

What do you do if you face an ethical issue you don’t know how to handle?

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Maintain the highest standards of moral integrity and intellectual honesty.

How do you balance the needs of the patient with the commercial needs of private practice? 

A pharmaceutical companies wants to sponsor your research on their drugs – would you accept it?

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Treat patients with honesty, dignity, respect and consideration, upholding their right to be adequately informed and their right to self determination.

Would you tell an alert elderly patient their diagnosis if their family asked you not to?

Your patient has terminal cancer and says she doesn’t want any treatment to prolong her life for another six months. What do you do?

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Maintain a professional relationship with patients and their relatives and not abuse this relationship through inappropriate personal relationships or for personal gain.

What would you do if  there was mutual attraction between yourself and your patient (providing you were both single)?

What if a patient left you a significant amount of money in his will?

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Keep confidential all medical information about patients.

Your 70 year old expat (UK) patient is married to a 50 year old Singaporean. The patient has been diagnosed with stage IV cancer – who do you tell the diagnosis to first?

Your 55 year old male patient has been diagnosed HIV+ and won’t tell his wife. What do you do?

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“You need to look and behave like a doctor looks and behaves, and just imagine what you would like a doctor to look like if you were going to be seeing them yourself.”

Professor Jane DacreVice-Dean and Head of Education at UCL Medical

School, London & GMC Council Member

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“The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling, not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head.” 

Sir William Osler (1849-1919)

British (Canadian born) Physician & Mentor