Media

Monitoring

Worldwide Anti

Drugs Day

2012

Background

• To celebrate the Worldwide Anti Drugs Day on 26th

June 2012, Indonesia Media Monitoring Center

(IMMC) have done a research about these issues.

The research are done in span of a year, starting

from 15th June 2011 until 15th June 2012. From

this research, a new perspective about dynamics

of drug issues in Indonesia can be found. The

result of the research will be release in a press

release.

Methodology

• Research using purposive sampling method from four (4) well known online media: Kompas.com, Rakyat Merdeka Online, Detik.com and Media Indonesia.com

• The data collection process was conducted from 15th June 2011 – 15th June 2012.

• Techniques that are being used for data collection process are gathering issues, categorizing issues and analyze all news (content analysis) about drug and narcotics.

Drugs Issues Distribution in Media

• Drugs issues that are mostly covered by media in a year are action

against drug crimes, about 38% from grand total of 1694 news.

Then, followed by 28% of eradication issues, 18% of prevention

issues, 13% of regulation issues and 3% of rehabilitation issues.

Action 38%

Eradication 28%

Prevention 18%

Regulation 13%

Rehabilitation 3%

N=1694

Analysis

• The process of action against drug cases are still the main focus for online media. The percentage itself is quite high, at 38% of all coverage. Especially if compared with other process like prevention (18%), regulation (13%) and rehabilitation (3%).

• This condition of course can give us a depiction that drug issues in media are mainly covering about how to act against a case or about eradication. As for the prevention, media rarely talk about it, where it’s quite unfortunate.

Coverage Placement

• Issue of drugs in media has

always been the focus of the

coverage. This is evident

from the amount of coverage

that use the title of “drugs” or

“narcotics” in media.

• Kompas.com, Detik.com and

Media Indonesia are media

that like to focus their

coverage onto drugs

problem.

471 477

199

47

310

97

35

58

In Title In News

Analysis

• From the results of monitoring multiple

media, it appears that the drug issues are

still a major issue in the coverage. This

shows that the media is still quite

consistent to take part in the war against

drugs.

Institution Tone

• For institution tone

related to drug issues,

government receive a lot

of negative reports, as

many as 268 negative

coverage. As for the

positive news, the police

dominate the coverage

as mush as 307 news.

Kepolisian Pemerintah BNN

307

107 102

385

228

129

152

268

27

Positif Netral Negatif

Analysis

• Some government policies related to drug issues for the last year seems to get a

negative response from the coverage. This is evident from the tone of the coverage,

where the government is likely to get a negative response. Some policies that are

rated negatively, among others, are the issue of clemency given to Corby, rampant

drug trafficking in prisons, policies from Menkumham to cancel MoU with BNN, as

well as some civil servants who proved to be a drug dealer or user.

• As for the police, despite the dominance of the generally positive tone in coverage,

some negative coverage can’t be ruled out. Coverage relates to the disclosure of

drug cases which are considered not yet maximal. In addition, some members of the

police who also involved in the drug case, both as a dealer and user, also contributed

to the negative coverage from the media.

• Not much different from the police or the government, BNN also got negative

coverage related to any drug treatment effort that are not coordinated accordingly.

Especially, things related to drug problem in prison. As a result, the government

canceled the MoU with the BNN. In addition, several members of BNN are also

contributed to the negative coverage from the media.

Tone for Government Policy

• Coverage tone related to

government policy are mostly

neutral, at about 85 news.

Meanwhile, negative tone are

also quite high, at about 73

news.

Positif Netral Negatif

20

85

73

Analysis

• Over the span of a year, the government policies related to drugs are considered “normal” by the media. This of course is closely associated with the tendency of media that are more interested in the issues surrounding the capturing of the perpetrator or eradication. However, inevitably, there are some policies that get special attention from media, such as the case of granting clemency to Corby.

Jenis Narkoba

• Shabu is a type of drug

most widely published

in the media, as many

as 738 news.

Meanwhile, coverage

for ecstasy and

marijuana are at 314

and 296, respectively.

Sabu

Ekstasi

Ganja

Heroin

Prekusor Padat

Kokain

Prekusor Cair

738

314

296

95

54

41

21

Analysis

• Shabu-shabu is still the most favorite types

among the drug users or dealers in

Indonesia. The comparison is also quite

significant if you compared between

Indonesia and overseas.

• For comparison, price of shabu-shabu in

Malaysia are about Rp 300.000,-. Meanwhile,

in Indonesia, the price for shabu-shabu can

reach the price of Rp 2.000.000,-.

Drug Prevention Subjects

• The government is still

quite dominantly

highlighted by media in the

drug prevention efforts, as

many as 121 news.

• BNN and Police,

respectively 80 and 79

news.

• LSM are the least

highlighted institution by

media in drug prevention.

Just as much as 21 news. Pemerintah

BNN

Polisi

Akademik

Swasta

LSM

121

80

79

34

25

21

Analysis

• In an effort to prevent the danger from drugs, the media seems to be more inclined to see government, BNN and the police as the frontline.

• As for LSM, their role is not so much raised by the media. The same condition is also experienced by the private sector, where the media doesn’t cover much about their role in drugs prevention.

Drugs Prevention Measures

• From most coverage in media,

the method they often used are

through socialization/campaign.

The numbers are as much as

201 news.

• As for the empowerment of the

community, the media doesn’t

really covered them

extensively. This is indicated by

the number of the news in the

amount of 82 news. Sosialisasi/Kampanye

Kerjasama

Pembdy. Masyarakat

201

132

82

Analysis

• It looks like, the socialization/campaign method are still

regarded as an effective method to do in order to prevent

the dangers of drugs. This indicated that not much

changes in the method are done in order to prevent the

dangers of drugs.

• Meanwhile, for the empowerment of the community, it’s

just a pity that they only received a little coverage in

media while it is important enough to do so. By

establishing the society into a strong and personal

individual, such as the “Kampung Bebas Narkoba”

program, then the worry about the dangers of drugs are

more or less resolved.

Socialization Method/Campaign

• The most widely

performed method of

socialization is through

media coverage and

socialization in

educational institutions.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Lainnya

Pagelaran

Seminar

Iklan

Internet

Pameran

Analysis

• Improvement in information technology

doesn’t seem to make enough changes in

the method of socialization / drug

prevention campaign. It is evident from the

lack of use of the internet as a mean or

form of socialization.

Cooperation Between Institutions

• The most active party for

cooperation or coordination in

preventing drug is the

government.

• Also, the party that got the

most cooperating request from

other parties are the

government.

• However, the LSM, Academic

and private sector, mostly

prefer to work together with

private sector rather than with

the government.

52

40

81

8

20

7

18

27 26

10

19

10

Pemerintah Swasta

Analysis

• The government is still becoming a

reference in drug eradication efforts. This

is evident from all efforts and coordination

that are often carried out by the

government. In addition, the government

are also asked for cooperation by other

parties, both public and private sector

such as the police and BNN.

Subject for Combating Drugs

• The police are the most

active in drug eradication,

as many as 280 news.

• As for the government

and BNN, as many as

132 and 126 news,

respectively.

Polisi Pemerintah BNN

280

132 126

Analysis

• In the process of drug eradication, from media’s reporting, the perpetrators or the pioneers are mostly police. This amount is pretty high when compared to the government or BNN.

• It was certainly encouraging, but on the other side, it was also quite alarming, because drug eradication efforts are still quite dependent on the active role of the police. Meanwhile, participation of various parties are needed here. And not only in the process of eradicating, but also for prevention.

Drug Eradication

• The most widely

performed activities for

drug eradication are

dismantling syndicate

networks.

• Then followed by the

disclosure of cases, both

internally and externally

from institutions in each

party.

323

259

53

18

Analysis

• Judging from the amount of news,

eradication of drug syndicate is the most

dominant news covered by media. This

indicates that there are a considerable

amount of drug syndicates in Indonesia,

both of which have been revealed and

those which are still in the process of

being disclosed.

Disclosure of Syndicate/Drug

Network • The most exposed

network is the national

network, but there are a

lot of international network

being exposed by the

BNN, police and the

government.

Nasional Internasional

163

160

Analysis

• National and international network of drug

syndicate got quite a lot of coverage in

media. There are also much more

disclosure for cases on the national

network. This of course indirectly indicates

that every cells in drug network at national

level is quite dominant, even though it’s

not very big.

Subject for Action Against Drug

Cases • Police are the most

active party in the investigation of drug cases in Indonesia.

• Then followed by the government through Customs and BNN.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Kepolisian

Pemerintah

BNN

Peradilan

Kejaksaan

Analysis

• Not very different from the process of

eradication, the police are also quite

dominant in the action against drug cases.

As a law enforcement officers, the police

become the foundation in an effort to fight

against drugs, while also being supported

by BNN and the Government.

Action Against Drug Case

• The media mostly covered

about the capturing of the

perpetrator in drug crimes.

This fits with the subject of

the most widely reported

news, namely the police.

• For the investigation process

until punishment for the

offenders, it turns out there is

not many coverage from the

media.

Penangkapan

Penyelidikan/Penyidikan

Hukuman

Penuntutan

Persidangan

531

128

126

39

38

Analysis

• Capturing of drug users and dealers always

become a major theme raised by the media.

However, the interesting part is that the media

was not too concerned with the proceedings and

prosecution. Only particular cases that could

raise attention of the media. Especially cases

involving the government and any related

institutions. This kind of situation has raise a

vulnerability for cases that can just vanish in the

middle of investigation.

Types of Drug Crime

• The most exposed or

even captured type of

crime are about the

smuggler and

smuggling than about

the users and

productions. Pengedar/Penyelundup

Pemakai

Produksi

623

573

24

Analysis

• Disclosure of drug cases so far, does not seem to cover about drugs production level. Of course this situation should be a concern, to what extent the inquiry or investigation about drugs production level has been done.

• Meanwhile, about capturing users and the dealers, the performance is quite incredible. Although it can’t be denied, that with such difficult economic conditions in Indonesia, it is easy to find a replacement.

Drug Users Based on Profession

• People who do not have a clear profession (unemployed), turned out to be the biggest consumer of drugs.

• The police are proven to be inside the three major party as a drug consumer that appear in most media coverage. Of course it’s really unfortunate, especially if there are several other parties related to the law enforcement.

Mas

yara

kat

Swas

ta

Po

lisi

WN

A

Pel

ajar

/ M

ahas

isw

a

PN

S

Pem

erin

tah

Pet

uga

s La

pas

DP

R/D

PR

D

Jaks

a

TNI

BN

N

226

121

81

57

20 17 13 13 9 7 7 2

Analysis

• It’s quite a warning, if you look at the frequency of coverage about who is the biggest drug consumer in Indonesia. Judging from the major three, there are the public, private sector and also police. From this list, community turn out the be the biggest drug consumer. Of course it’s something of a concern. Especially if the police are inside the drug consumers list.

• One of the main cause that can be identified is the lack of empowerment by related parties. The main focus should be set on prevention, not just prosecution alone.

Users by Gender

• From all users, most of the drug users are men.

• However, it’s quite worrying because the comparison between men and women (in term of drug users) is 2:1.

Laki-laki Perempuan

342

156

Analysis

• Men are still the major drug consumer if

compared to the women. There are

several reasons that could be the factor of

all this. Starting from identity searching

process, family problem and economical

problem.

Users Based on Ages

>30 25-29 20-24 <15 16-19

174

129

66

25 22

• Most of the users are above age 30.

• But the most worrying thing is that there are a lot of teenagers under 15 that have already started consuming drugs.

Analysis

• Most of the users are above 30 years old. This is

caused by the fact that the drug users are mostly

professional workers. Workers like artist, pilot

and employees who work with high intensity

tend to consume drugs.

• But the most concerning thing is the school-age

children, under 20 years old, that is also a drug

consumer and unfortunately, the numbers are

quite high.

Dealers Based on Profession

• People that has no clear profession (unemployed) tend to become drug dealers in Indonesia, then followed by foreigners.

• But the most concerning thing is that there are a lot of prison officers and police that become drug dealers.

303

161

64

30 26 12 8 6 6 3 2 2

Analysis

• Drug trafficking is also dominated by people who got no clear

profession. Then followed by foreigners, prison officers and

police officers.

• Economic factors being the main reason for drug trafficking,

whether it’s Indonesian people or foreigner. Since there is no

full time job, people end up being a drug dealer which can

earn them much more. Just the same with the foreigners,

because most of them are just a courier sent to Indonesia with

a very high payment.

• But the main concern is about drug trafficking being done by

prison officers and police that is supposed to be the shield in

combating corruption. The numbers are still very large. From

IMMC’s research, there are a total of 94 news involving prison

officers and police as the drug dealer.

Dealers Based on Gender

• Dealers are still dominated by men.

• Even though it’s only one third, but it’s very unfortunate for women to be inside the drug dealer networks.

Laki-laki Perempuan

368

103

Analysis

• Men are still a key player in drug

trafficking. In general, this is caused by

economy problem. But psychologically,

men are considered to be well prepared to

accept the risks in doing this crime.

• Even so, being a drug dealers are also

done by women, even though not as much

as men.

Drug Distribution Line

• By sea are the most favorite route for drug trafficking, seeing there are a lot of illegal ports in Indonesia.

• It turns out that air lines are also used quite often by the drug dealer/smuggler to distribute the illicit good.

Laut Darat Udara

180

144

120

Analysis

• Sea has become the flagship for drug trafficking.

Seeing how wide is the ocean that is supported

by the lack of supervision, it has become the

main reason for the perpetrators. Aside of that,

ports that support the activities of drug trafficking

by seas are increasing.

• Meanwhile, for air and land, surveillance are

quite strict, be it through raids on the road or

through a very thorough examination at the

airport.

10 Biggest Drug Dealers Country

• The drugs smuggling from foreign countries was dominated by neighboring countries, namely Malaysia and Australia.

• Then followed by China, Iran and Africa.

78

25

16 14

9 9 9 8 6 5

Analysis

• Malaysia and Australia are the two countries which are

the origin for drug smuggling. Malaysia make Jakarta

as it’s destination area and Australia make Bali as it’s

destination area.

• These two countries are Indonesia’s neighboring

country (only separated by borders), so that smuggling

can easily be done either by sea or air.

• Malaysia is also a country for transit from other

countries such as Iran and some African countries

such as Nigeria for drug smuggling.

Region of Origin for Drugs

• From within the country, Jakarta is the origin for most drugs, whether for drug production or transits.

• Other areas that have a great potential for drug production is Aceh, namely marijuana.

17

9

7 6

4 3 3

2 2

Analysis

• Drugs from foreign country are always

distributed to several major cities in Indonesia

through Jakarta. In Jakarta, there are also

several drug-making factory that supplied to

other cities in Indonesia.

• Besides Jakarta, Aceh is also a regional supplier

for drugs especially marijuana. This is because

there are still many marijuana fields still

operating in Aceh.

Destination of Drug Circulation

• In addition to areas of origin, Jakarta is also a potential area for drug distribution purposes.

• As a tourist area, Bali is also a potential area for drug distribution.

Jakarta

Bali

Jabar

Jatim

Riau

Sumut

Sulsel

Jateng

Lampung

Banten

sumsel

Kaltim

Aceh

Batam

kalbar

175

54

41

32

25

24

12

7

7

6

6

5

4

4

3

Analysis

• As a government area and the center for

Business Centre, Jakarta was the most

popular places for drug distribution. That’s

the reason why Jakarta became the main

destination for drug distribution, whether

from foreign countries or other countries in

Indonesia. The same condition also

applied to Bali as one of the biggest tourist

area in Indonesia.

Institutions’ Quotes

• Police, government and BNN are the most active institutions for commenting about drugs. This is quite reasonable, because these three institutions are the most competent in addressing drug problem.

• As an institution that represents the people of the Parliament / Council, they also make a lot of comments regarding drug related issues, like drug-related government policies and measures that should be taken by the three institutions in dealing with drugs.

426

179

103

50 44 39 24 24 19 15 14 8 3

Analysis

• Police and BNN are two institutions that were ordered by law to take

action for prevention and prosecution of drug offenders. So both of

these institutions get a lot of coverage about drugs. But police has

become the most active party in giving comments for media in drug

cases. This is due to the work of action like arrests and raids to

couple drug distribution that was mostly done by the police.

• But interestingly, the government is making more comment if

compared to BNN. It is because of certain policies issued by the

government, such as granting clemency to Corby and a number of

drug offenders from government officials, such as guards and PNS.

Individual’s Quote

• Three individuals who make the most comments about drugs are Kombes Rikwanto from police force, Benny J. Mamoto from BNN and Kombes Nugraho Aji.

• From the government, individuals who are active in commenting about drugs issues are Menkumham Amir Syamsudin and his representatives, Denny Indrayana.

Rikwanto

Benny Joshua Mamoto

Nugroho Aji

Amir Syamsuddin

Sumirat

Saud Usman Nasution

Denny Indrayana

Goerries Mere

Untung S Rajab

Arman Depari

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Hendri Yosodiningrat

Timur Pradopo

Yusril Ihza Mahendra

Andjar Dewanto

56

45

32

29

26

20

19

17

15

11

9

8

8

8

7

Analysis

• Comments about drugs in media are mostly

done by police’s public relations and BNN. It

is caused by authority possessed by the two

agencies in combating drugs. Therefore, the

Head of Public Relations of City Police

Commissioner, Rikwanto and Chief of

Enforcement and Policy for BNN, Benny J.

Mamoto become the person who often gives

statement to the mass media.

Tone of DPR’s Quote

• Comments from the Parliament on issues of drugs, mostly contains many negative tone for the government and police.

• The negative comment against the government, usually related to the issuing clemency for Corby and drugs circulation in prisons.

• Meanwhile, negative comments for the police usually related to issue about the lack of focus from the police in dealing with drug issues. Positif Netral Negatif

4

0

4

1

2 2

12

20

BNN Kepolisian Pemerintah

Analysis

• Members of Parliaments have a negative assessment to

the government, police and BNN. Government policy for

pardoning Corby is one of the reason. Aside of that,

government’s inability in controlling drug trafficking in

prisons is another cause.

• For the Police and BNN, the Parliament mostly criticized

about police and BNN performances, because they were

not doing their job (in prevention and action), optimally.

Conclusion

• In general, issues about drugs in media are still an issue of interest

to be discussed. This also indicates that the media also participated

in drug eradication efforts in Indonesia.

• During the monitoring period, a fair amount of media attention are

devoted to the police, where it’s role in drug eradication process are

visible. In this matter, there’s no difference whether the case came

from within the international or national networks.

• For other parties such as the government, media tend to be neutral

in the coverage. Some are reporting in a negative tone, such as the

case related to Corby clemency cases. The case became one of the

case that questioned the government’s integrity in an effort to

eradicate drugs in Indonesia.

Conclusion

• Drug prevention efforts by BNN and the

government are not yet maximal. It can be seen

from the number of drug cases done by public,

especially the professional workers and

students.

• The government should maximize control efforts

in Indonesia’s marine area because in general,

drug trafficking in the sea area are larger than by

land and air.

Recommendation

Police

Prevention:

- On prevention aspects, the role of police is not so prominent in the media.

The police need to leverage more efforts in prevention act. Form of the

action could be in the form of cooperating with related parties such as the

government or social institutions that really worried about this matter.

Eradication:

- In the context of eradication, the police should be more focused on

searching drug production centers, which can heavily affect drug trafficking

in Indonesia.

Action:

- In the process of action, the police need to hold on applicable law, by

prioritizing on human’s principles.

Recommendation

Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN)

Prevention:

- BNN also need to be more focused on prevention efforts. Way to do it is by maximizing people’s empowerment through “Kampung Bebas Narkotika” program, other than keep providing an understanding to the community in the form of seminars, counseling or other means.

Eradication:

- Need to maximize the role or cooperation with related parties such as the police and other institutions. Since the target is to achieve “Indonesia Bebas Narkoba 2015” is not an easy task without a strong synergy from all related parties.

Action:

- Always be intensive in all efforts to oversee the process. Starting from arrest, investigation until punishment.

Recommendation

Government Prevention:

- The government needs to further enhance it’s role in the socializing effort about dangers of drugs. Way to do it can be in form of media campaign such as TV or internet. These efforts can be done in the form of cooperation between all parties related.

Eradication:

- The government need to be faster in the drug eradication efforts in Indonesia. By strengthening the institutions through cooperation and real act in order to achieve “Indonesia Bebas Narkoba 2015.”

Action:

- Always be consistent in action, without mixing it with process from outside of the law that could lead to a weaker law enforcement in drug crimes.