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Dr. Shivashankar.K1st year Post Graduate..
Department of Public Health Dentistry
Levels of Prevention
Definition History of prevention Principles of prevention Types of prevention Intervention Types of intervention Prevention of dental caries Prevention of periodontal diseases Prevention of oral cancer Prevention of mal occlusion Conclusion References
Contents
Health and diseaseWHO definition of Health
“ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity and the
ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.”
Disease:
A condition in which body’s health is impaired, a departure from
a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting
the performance of vital functions.
Prevention- Efforts which are made to maintain
normal development, physiologic function & to
prevent disease of the mouth & adjacent parts
- Blackberry
Definition
Intervention
Any attempt to intervene or interrupt the
usual sequence in the development of disease
in man.
Definition
Twentieth century etiologic factors of most oro-dental disease were identified
emergence of prevention oriented science
In the first three decades
Great emphasis was placed on oral hygiene Dental hygienist courses were started
In the fourth and fifth decade Anti-carious effect of fluorides was established Water fluoridation and topical fluoridation started
History of preventive dentistry
In the sixth and seventh decade water fluoridation was started in many more cities
Fluoride toothpastes, mouthwashes, rinses, gels &
varnishes became popular
Pit and fissure sealants
Fluorides along with proper oral hygiene practice
has shown decline in dental caries in some
advanced countries.
History of preventive dentistry
Control of disease
Patient education & motivation
Development of host resistance
Restoration of function
Maintenance of oral health
Principles of prevention
Iceberg’s phenomenon
Diagnosed disease
Undiagnosed orwrongly diagnosed disease
Diagnosed disease
Undiagnosed orwrongly diagnosed disease
Action taken prior to the onset of disease,
which removes the possibility that a disease
will ever occur.
Primary prevention
Mental anguishPhysical painLoss of productivityExpensiveLess effective than primary prevention
Disadvantages
Primary prevention Health Promotion. Specific Protection.
Secondary preventionEarly Diagnosis and Treatment.
Tertiary preventionDisability Limitation.Rehabilitation.
Modes of intervention
Defined as “ the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve health”.
Health promotion
Detection of the disturbances at homeostatic and compensatory mechanism while biochemical, morphological and functional changes are still reversible.
Early diagnosis and treatment
Pathogenesis phase
Impairment handicap
Restriction or lack of ability to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being.
Disability limitation
Preventive dentistry
Prevent the disease & abnormalitiesCombined efforts of practitioner, patient and communityOptimum oral health
Practice of dentistry and community health programs
Louis P DiOrio. Clinical Preventive dentistry. Appleton – century – crofts.
Prevention of dental caries
- Appropriate use of fluorides -Use of F dentifrices - Oral hygiene practice-Community or school water fluoridation -School F mouth rinse program -School sealants program- Topical fluoride application - F supplements - Pit & Fissure sealants
- Self - examination & referral;- Regular check up by dentist
Use of dental professional
services
- Complete examination- Treatment of initial lesions; -Smpl restorative dentistry
- Root canal
treatment -
Extraction
Health promotion
Specific protection
Early diagnosis &
treatmentDisability limitation Rehabilitation
Indiv
Comm
Dentprof
Primary prevention Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Diet planning Periodic visit
to dental clinic Demand for preventive
servicesProper oral
hygiene DHE programmePromotion of research efforts
Patient Education & motivationPlaque control
program Diet counselingCaries activity
tests
- Dentures- Implants
- Periodic screening - Provision of Dental services
Provision ofdental services
- Oral hygiene practice
- Supervised school brushing
programme
- Correction of tooth
malalignment
-Oral prophylaxis
- Self - examination & referral;- Use of
dental services
Use of dental
professional services
Use of dental
professional services
- Complete examination;
scaling, curettage corrective,
restorative, & occlusal services
Deep curettage
;Root planing;
Splinting;Perio surgery;
Selective extractio
n
Health promotion
Specific protection
Early diagnosistreatment
Disability limitation
Rehabilitation
Indivl
Comm
Dentprof
Primary prevention Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Prevention of periodontal diseases
Periodic visit to dental clinic Demand for
preventive services
DHE programmePromotion of
research effortsProvision of oral
hygiene aids
Patient Education & motivation
Plaque control programRecall
reinforcement.
- Removable & fixed
prostho- minor
tooth movement
- Periodic screening
- Provision of Dental
services
Provision ofdental services
Provision of dental services
- Avoidance of known irritants
- Removal of known irritants
in the oral cavity
- Self - examination & referral;
Use of dental
professional services
Use of dental
professional services
- Complete examination ; Biopsy; Oral
cytology; - Complete - excision
Chemo- therapy
Radiation Surgery
Health promotion
Specific protection
Early diagnosis
andtreatment
Disability limitation Rehabilitation
Indivl
Comm
Dentprof
Primary prevention Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Prevention of oral cancer
Periodic visit to dental clinic
DHE programmePromotion of
research efforts
Patient Education & motivation
- Periodic screening &
referral
Provision ofdental services
Provision of dental services
Maxi-facial & Prostho
Plastic surgery
-Use of protective
device -Habit control
-Mouth guard
programmes
-Safety measures for play Caries control; Periodontitis
control;Space maintainers
prenatal care parent counseling
Use of dental
professional services
Use of dental
professional services
Use of dental
professional services
Minor orthodonti
cs
Major orthodonti
cs surgery
Health promotion
Specific protection
Early diagnosistreatment
Disability limitation
Rehabilitation
Indivl
Comm
Dentprof
Primary prevention Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Prevention of malocclusion
Periodic visits to dentist
-DHE Programme -Promotion of
Protective coverings & protective guards
Patient education
Maxi-facial & Prostho
Plastic surgery
Provision of dental services
Provision ofdental services
Provision of dental services
K. Park, Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine, park, 19th edition.
Jong’s community dental health. George M Gluck & Warren M Morganstein. Fifth edition
Joseph John. Textbook of preventive and community dentistry. Second edition.
Louis P DiOrio. Clinical Preventive dentistry. Appleton – century – crofts.
Richard. E. Stallard. A textbook of Preventive Dentistry. 2nd edition 1982. WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Norman.O.Harris. Primary preventive dentistry.
References