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Challenges of Using LEV in Developing Economies
Mike Slater
Diamond Environmental Ltd.
Chair of WHWB-UK
YEARS OFOCCUPATIONALHYGIENE
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Workplace Health Without Borders
There are 3 billion
workers in the world…
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Source:
World Health Organization (WHO)
There are 3 billion
workers in the world…
Nearly 2 billion of them work in unhealthy and unsafe conditions
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Source:
World Health Organization (WHO)
2.34
1.6
1.24
0.742
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Occupational injuries
and disease
HIV/AIDS
Road traffic
Armed Conflict and
Violence
Millions of Deaths per Year Worldwide
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accidents
14%
diseases
86%
About 150,000 workers die from respiratory disease every year
Exposure to dust is a major cause of respiratory diseaseincluding in Europe – this photo was taken in the UKLocal exhaust ventilation (LEV) is a common solution to this type of problem
Unfortunately we don’t always get it rightEven in Europe LEV systems are poorly designed
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Silica = 1.9 mg/m3
Dust exposures can be a real problem in the developing worldControls are often non-existent
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Challenges of designing and implementing LEV systems in developing countries
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Lack of funding
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Lack of expertise
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Lack of resource
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Availability of supplies and equipment
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Maintenance difficulties
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Workplace Health Without Borders
Workplace Health Without
Borders (WHWB)
A non-profit international organization
Registered as a charity in Canada
Branches recently established in the USA and UK
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Workplace Health Without
Borders (WHWB)
Engages volunteers to address workplace health issues around the world
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A world where workers do not get sick
because of their work
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Vision
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Some WHWB Projects
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Brick plant project - addressing silica and other
hazards in brick plants in Nepal, Pakistan and
Tanzania
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Provided technical assistance on sampling for
silica in Pakistan brick plants
Agate Polishing in Gujarat
▪ Produces Semi Precious stones used for jewelry and
ornaments
These are agate “pebbles”
▪ Produces Semi Precious stones used for jewelry and
ornaments
After polishing
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Used to make jewellry
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Silica – Agate Jewelry
Industry
▪ Estimated 1 million exposed in this industry
▪ Prevalence of silicosis is 20-30% (workers)
and 11% in family members
▪ Elevated levels of accelerated silicosis,
Tuberculosis
Resp. Dust: 0.61 mg/m3
Quartz = 0.54 mg/m3
Resp. Dust: 0.61 mg/m3 Quartz = 0.54 mg/m3
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Silica = 1.9 mg/m3
Project Goal
• Use inexpensive, locally available
materials
• Low power demand
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Pilot systemIn the lab
Grinder
4” x 10” Hood
20 Litre Pail
with Lid, which
supports fan
200 CFM Fan
@ 3/8”WG
Exhaust
Exhaust duct terminates
ca 6” inside pail vertically
Dustrak (resp) <0.05
mg/m3
Dustrak (resp)>20 mg/m3
(exhaust)
Trial Intervention: Horizontal Wet Wheel39
Receptor / captor hood
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Simple wet system to capture some of extracted dust using waste drum
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Pre-hood With LEV
Respirable dust
(mg/m3)
0.8 <0.33
Quartz
(mg/m3)
0.53 0.09
Revised
Design
Horizontal wet wheel #2
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Horizontal wet wheel #2
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Pre-intervention: quartz 3.0 mg/m3
Post-intervention: quartz 0.05 mg/m3
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Vertical
grinder
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Before After
Resp. dust
(mg/m3)
1.7 0.64
Quartz
(mg/m3)
1.2 0.10
Dry horizontal grinder
Before After
Resp. dust (mg/m3) 1.9 0.4
Dry Ball Mill
Respirable Dust: 36 mg/m3 , Quartz = 17 mg/m3
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Dry Ball Mill 50
Respirable Dust: 0.51 mg/m3 , Quartz = <0.03 mg/m3
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Lack of funding
Lack of expertise
Lack of resource
Availability of supplies
Maintenance difficulties
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Thanks to Paul Bozek, University of Toronto
Learn more and get in touch!
Join WHWB: www.whwb.org
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Workplace Health Without Borders