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Leprosy
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Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
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Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Scollard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.
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Discovered by Gerhard Armauer Hansen in 1873
Global Project on the History of Leprosyhttp://www.leprosyhistory.org/graphics/gallery/hansen.jpg
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Bacteria Resides in Cooler Parts of the Body
http://www.nlm.nih.gov
SkinPeripheral
NervesBrought to you by
Symptoms & Diagnosis: (1) Skin Lesions
Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22,
no. 6: 518-37.
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Global Project on the History of Leprosyhttp://www.leprosyhistory.org/graphics/gallery/mleprae.jpg
Symptoms & Diagnosis: (2) Skin Smear Tests
Ziehl Neelsen Carbol Fuchsin Stain (ZNCF)
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Transmission
Nasal/oral Droplets
Dermal Inoculations
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Immunocompromised individuals are more
susceptible to disease
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Mechanism of Nerve Damage
Scollard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.
1. Entry Through Blood Vessels
2. Inflammatory Response
3. DemyelinationBrought to you by
Sensory Loss
Paralysis
Deformities
Outcomes of Nerve Damage
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Sensory Loss Can Lead to Secondary Infections and Severe Deformities
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1941: Discovery of Dapsone
Targets dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
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1964: Dapsone Resistance from Missense Mutations in DHPS
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1960’s: Rifampicin and Clofazimine Discovered
Rifampicin (Rifampin): Inhibit RNA synthesis
Clofazimine: Anti-inflammatoryBrought to you by
1981: WHO Proposes Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) Combination of DAPSONE,
RIFAMPICIN, and CLOFAZIMINE
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1995: WHO Distributes MDT Drugs for Free to Worldwide Patients
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1999: Global Alliance to Eliminate Leprosy As a Public Health Problem
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Obstacles to Eliminating Leprosy in Endemic Countries
STIGMA
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Overcoming Stigma
Mass Media
Integrated Primary Health Services
Education & TrainingBrought to you by
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References1. Leprosy Today. “Leprosy: The Disease.” World Health Organization.
http://www.who.int/lep/leprosy/en/index.html (accessed February 25 2010).
2. Matsuoka, Masanori M. 2010. “Drug Resistance in Leprosy.” Japanese journal of infectious diseases 63, no. 1: 1-7. http://www.nih.go.jp.libproxy.lib.unc.edu (accessed February 25, 2010).
3. National Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Program. “Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Facts.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.hrsa.gov/hansens/ Accessed February 25 2010.
4. Scollard, DM, LB Adams, TP Gillis, JL Krahenbuhl , RW Truman, and DL Williams. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu (accessed February 25, 2010).
5. Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22, no. 6: 518-37. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu (accessed February 25, 2010. Brought to you by
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