KARYOTYPE: THE MOLECULES THAT DEFINE YOUBY: ALEJANDRO HERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ

MED. STUDENT

INTRODUCTION: WHAT YOUR CHROMOSOMES

SAY ABOUT YOU

Karyotype studying allows doctors identify

genetic variations.

Some variations are associated

with pathologies so it can help

with some diagnosis

'Protective' DNA strands are shorter in adults who had more infections as infants

University of Washington

January 25, 2017

Telomeres are important in order to allow DNA

replication without damaging

'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS

INFANTS

As Telomeres get shorter after each

cell cycle, cell division capacity can be affected by their

length

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'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS

INFANTS

Researchers correlated telomeres length with

number of infections as kids

more infections = shorter telomeres

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'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS

INFANTS

Scientists think the shortening of telomeres may

be explained by increased cell division during immune

response, but shorter telomeres by birth is also a

theory

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'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS

INFANTS - STUDENT’S OBSERVATIONS

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Epigenetic is an important field of

research, as it may hold the key to preventing diseases

and improving life expectancy

Jumbled chromosomes may dampen the immune response to tumorsAmerican Association for the

Advancement of Science

January 19, 2017

Aneuploidy is when a cell has an unusual

number of chromosomes

JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS

Cancer cells tend to be very different from one another due to differences in their

karyotype or genetic organization

Image Source: joseph-birch.livejournal.com

JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS

DNA organization may affect some gene’s

expression, meaning the cells can react differently to

certain factors

Image Source: zunal.com

JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS

Those cells with an “aneuploid” karyotype have less response to

immunotherapy due to gene expression

Image Source: healthmj.com

JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS -

STUDENT’S OBSERVATIONS

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Studying a certain cancer cell genome may

be helpful while choosing the treatment pathway to

follow, allowing doctors to adapt better to the

patient’s needs

Medical Utility

“To know your genes is to know yourself”

MEDICAL UTILITY

Medically speaking, karyotype says a lot

about cells, as it relates to gene expression and cell

division capacity

Karyotype may be affected by extrinsic

factors, or it can affect individual processes

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MEDICAL UTILITY

Knowing the karyotype gives us a way to correlate how different factors interact in

processes like aging, immune response and disease treatment

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MEDICAL UTILITY

Karyotype can also be used as a mean of diagnosis, giving us more information to take in consideration while analyzing a

certain case

Image Source: edicogenome.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY• University of Washington. (2017, January 25). ’Protective' DNA

strands are shorter in adults who had more infections as infants. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on January 27, 2017 from h t t p s : / / w w w . s c i e n c e d a i l y . c o m / r e l e a s e s / 2017/01/170125120311.htm

• American Association for the Advancement of Science. (2017, January 19). Jumbled chromosomes may dampen the immune response to tumors. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on January 27, 2017 from https://www.sciencedai ly.com/releases/ 2017/01/170119143325.htm

• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria et al. “Estudio de cromosomas y cultivos celulares”. In: Biología Molecular: Libro de Clase. 8º Edition. (2015). Editorial UPB. Medellin, Colombia. P: 91 - 96

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