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Julie M. Hynes, MA, RD, CPS AdCare Maine Webinar | January 17, 2018
Keeping pace with the Ever-Changing
Tides of
gambling
The complete slide deck & print-friendly handouts are posted at:
www.preventionlane.org/AdCare
1:07 PM
OBJECTIVES • analyze various workings of recent electronic forms of
gambling, including daily fantasy sports, “loot crates,” and esports gambling.
• explain how new electronic types of games relate to gambling, problem gambling, and other addictions.
• select at least three tools to implement in broader prevention and/or treatment settings.
TRIGGER WARNINGS
There may be content here that could present as a trigger to some. Please take care of yourself and give yourself a break if needed.
RECENT FORMS OF GAMBLING
PART 1.
- GAMIFICATION - MARKETING - BLURRINESS
Lottery machine at Sea-Tac Airport
We don’t think of these things as gambling. Therefore, we don’t think our young people are gambling.
Definition: Gambling __________ something of value in the ______________________ something of greater value.
hopes of obtaining
Risking
Source: American Psychiatric Association - DSM-5 (2013).
1. PRIZE:
BLURRING LINES?
2. CHANCE:
3. CONSIDERATION:
Anything of value the sponsor awards in a promotion. (Example: goods/services with a monetary value or items of value.) A process beyond the participant's direct control
determines the outcome. (Example: an instant-win game at a fast food restaurant.)
Requires money or significant effort. (Example: attending a sales presentation.)
This = ILLEGAL in most states
Laws: Professional & Amateur Sports Protection act (PASPA) of 1992
• Outlawed sports betting in most of the United States, with exception of four grandfathered states: Nevada, Delaware, Montana and Oregon
• Currently only Nevada allows traditional sports betting through licensed bookmakers
• Supreme Court of U.S. currently reviewing PASPA – decision likely this Spring
Laws: Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006
• Made it illegal for banks and credit card companies to allow money to be transferred to online casinos or gambling websites
• Special carve-out EXEMPTING fantasy sports
• Unintentionally fostered growth of daily fantasy sports…
This = LEGAL in most states
[Here’s our super duper quick coverage of daily fantasy sports]
“Game of ______________”
KEY ARGUMENT OF DAILY FANTASY SPORTS INDUSTRY
Thrones?? SKILL.
LET’S LOOK AT “FREEMIUM.”
FREE* APPS… * (WITH “IN-APP
PURCHASES.”)
REAL MONEY FOR PRETEND MONEY / PRIZES
AND CANDY!
OOH! WAYS TO LEVEL
UP FASTER!
TYPICAL FREEMIUM SCENARIO:
Source: Custer, R. & Rosenthal, M.
&@*$#! IT’S GETTING
HARDER. WOOHOO! COOL FREE
GAME!
Source: statista.com
Most popular Apple App Store Categories in October 2017, by share of available apps
IN-APP purchases= $9 in every $10
spent!
TRADITIONAL SPORTS ESPORTS
ESPORTS = COMPETITIVE VIDEO GAMING
Etc… Etc…And new games keep coming…
NOV. 2017 BLIZZCON - >30K ATTENDEES
Source: “Competitive video gaming will be a $1.5 billion industry by 2020, researchers say,” Jeff Dunn / Business Insider / 3/27/17 http://www.businessinsider.com/esports-popularity-revenue-forecast-chart-2017-3
GAMBLING ON ESPORTS.
2. Betting “skins” on games that can be purchased and sold for real money
1. Betting on professional gaming teams
Image source: csgostash.com 3. Fantasy leagues
2017 Overwatch World Cup Image source: pcgamer.com
“SKINS” BETTING: REAL MONEY FOR VIRTUAL STUFF.
Esports betting = ~$2.3 billion market.
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-virtual-guns-counterstrike-gambling/
Prize. Chance. Consideration.
LET’S TALK LOOT BOXES / LOOT CRATES • Any kind of game
(PC, mobile, XBox, etc.)
• Mystery prizes • Pay in tokens or
money • A form of
“microtransaction”
CONCERNS.
PART 2.
RECALLING PROBLEM GAMBLING AS ON A CONTINUUM.
No Gambling
Experimentation
Recreational
At-risk
Problem Gambling (AKA “Gambling Disorder”)
GAMING ADDICTION THE DSM? Not yet. “INTERNET GAMING DISORDER” (IGD) is…
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: Author.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: Coming Soon in the ICD-11: Gaming Disorder
Source: World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 Beta Draft. https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: Coming Soon in the ICD-11: Hazardous Gaming
Source: World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 Beta Draft. https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234
Much like the technology itself, research is new.
Struggle with cutting back
Job/school problems.
Withdrawal/ isolation
Preoccupation
Change in friends
SIMILARITIES IN SIGNS OF A PROBLEM.
Unusual amount of $ or
$ problems Using it as an escape $!
LIKELY SHARED GAMING RISK FACTORS.
Availability/ Convenience
Speed & Intensity
Anonymity & Isolation.
Discovery (always new
stuff)
Competition
Stakes: Rewards &
Reinforcements Dissociation & Escape. $!
SOCIAL CASINO GAMING & GAMBLING:
• Those who play social games are more likely to gamble, and have gambling problems1
• Those who engage in “micro-transactions are far more likely to migrate to “real” gambling.
Gainsbury, S., Russell, A., King, D.L., ; Delfabbro, P., Hing, N. (2016, October). Migration from social casino games to gambling: Motivations and characteristics of gamers who gamble. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, pp.59-67
(Hodgins et al. 2010; Kraus et al. 2003; Najavits et al. 2010; Petry and Steinberg 2005; Taber et al. 1987)
Exposure to early childhood trauma has consistently been associated with disordered
gambling.
Source: Brain Briefings (2007, October), Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC
GAMING/GAMBLING & DOPAMINE
J. Hynes | 11/16/17 | www.preventionlane.org/newyork
Dopamine not released when expecting a loss. Flooded with dopamine when expecting a win
It’s NOT about the money!
THE CONNECTIONS MAKE SENSE.
“ALMOST WINNING”: dopamine is activated the same as ACTUALLY winning.
Problem gamblers are more likely to see their near misses as “NEAR WINS”
People play LONGER when machines give them NEAR MISSES.
PREFRONTAL CORTEX = LAST PART to develop. ADOLESCENT BRAIN = sensitive to DOPAMINE.
25 years old!
The brain is still
developing until
THE FREEMIUM ISSUE.
Adolescents playing simulated gambling games more likely to later move to real gambling…
…and are also more likely to have later gambling problems
King et al., 2010
OK…SO THEN WHAT?
a. Broad systems. PROTECTIONS:
POLICY, ADVOCACY & COALITION BUILDING. NATL COUNCIL PROB GAMBLING
• Consumer protection guidelines
• Amendments for fantasy sports legislation
NATL COUNCIL PROB GAMBLING
NCPG Prevention Committee: Has a new “Emerging Trends” task group. Info:
www.ncpgprevention.org
POLICY, ADVOCACY & COALITION BUILDING.
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE RATINGS BOARD
Log concerns and requests at: http://www.esrb.org/consumer_online_hotline.asp Talking points at: http://www.preventionlane.org/video-games-loot-boxes-esrb-gambling
POLICY, ADVOCACY & COALITION BUILDING.
a. Systems/policy level.
52
b. Local systems level.
Protections:
PREVENTION
• Youth: More than “Do you gamble.” • Key informants: community
readiness survey. • Community: Attitudes about
gambling.
APPROPRIATE SURVEYS.
TREATMENT
Screening! SBIRT? Policy: Working to get problem gambling treatment providers being able to provide services for (and BILL for!) individuals with gaming problems
SCREENING & SERVICES.
FOR THOSE WHO CAN:
Engaging community members & partners to advocate on any laws involving online gambling / fantasy sports (can use NCPG guidelines as a tool).
POLICY & ADVOCACY.
a. Systems level. b. Local systems level.
c. Ground level.
Protections:
FOR PEOPLE IN RECOVERY: • Friends • Sponsors • Etc
Hey man, you’ve been holed up for 8 hours. Let’s go eat.
Cu in 5
You told me to text you…remember your deal.
Shutup give me a few
OK OK
Jordan 6:49PM
5:11PM
Counselors: Be mindful of HIPAA, ethics codes!
HELPFUL APPS IN GENERAL:
• Mindfulness apps – those that encourage breathing, meditating, etc.
• Exercise apps – physical activity to encourage natural dopamine release and reduce stress.
• Recovery apps (SoberTool, etc.) • Use caution if concerned about screen addiction. • Moderation is key!!
FOR ADDICTED GAMERS:
GAME QUITTERS: www.gamequitters.com
Super duper helpful resource.
Ï SET MOBILE CONTROLS: set them (your mobile carriers’, not just the device!)
Ï WATCH YOUR CREDIT CARD: don’t link it to--or unlink it from--your phone!!
Ï MONITOR BEHAVIOR: Keep computer use in open area – if you can (desktop computer). Use monitoring apps to monitor apps!
Other tips for those in recovery & in general
AWARENESS/EDUCATION
Include gambling in conversations about alcohol & other drugs, AND technology.
PARENTS, EDUCATORS, KIDS.
Download free fact sheet: http://www.preventionlane.org/maine
COMMUNICATE expectations.
USE TECH to your advantage.
Remember about when you need to shut the game off.
☺ love u
Jordan. Off. Now.
It’s LoL, mom.
K
Mom 9:46PM
9:31PM
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9:13 PM
9:45 PM
9:45 PM
9:46 PM
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MONITORING
MONITORING Ï Check out the games/apps WITH your kids Ï Play with your kids or sit with them while they play.
You will have fun and learn about their gaming, too. ________________________
MOBILE DEVICES & PARENTAL CONTROLS
Ï Major mobile services (e.g., AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon) offer family protection plans
Ï Features include: GPS, purchase blocking, turning off browsing/data/texting, time of day, etc.
Ï See www.preventionlane.org/online-safety for a list of helpful links to these services
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Practicality alert: Some features CANNOT be blocked when user has access to WiFi (so…you may need to change your WiFi password often!)
“Addiction is not about what you DO, but what you DON'T DO because of the
replacement of the addictive behavior.” – Erin Hoffman, Video Game Designer
And ensure there are OTHER THINGS TO DO.
WHEN TO ACT. Ï Pay attention to clues: restlessness,
withdrawal, lack of interest, different friends, signs you’ve learned about alcohol & other drug behaviors
Ï INTERVENE if you see warning signs. (Get intervention tips: www.drugfree.org/intervene)
LAST, BUT NOT LEAST:
Stay engaged & listen to your gut!
facebook.com/preventionlane @HynesUO @PreventionLane
