Infectious disease

Higher Understanding and building of general scientific concepts.

Scientific Defining of health, disease and immunity simultaneously.

-DR. RKDHAUGODA- Assistant-professor2014-MAY 19TH

China Three Gorges University –Yichang,Hubei,China

WHAT IS DISEASE ?

1) NO SCIENTIFIC AND OFFICIAL DEFINITION OF DISEASE YET.

2) WHO-has not define disease Officially yet.

3) Our understanding on disease is relatively poor.

4) So we have problems in understand and management of disease.

What is immunity ?

• No one has given the proper scientific –applied definition of immunity yet .

• What is the key influencing factor of immunity?

• We don’t know yet. But there should be one key factor.

• But can suppose it may be the X- factor ( unknown yet)

• So we have lots of problems in the management of huge numbers of disease.

To define health, disease and immunity

• we should understand the scientific natural philosophy.

• That is- dialectical materialism- philosophy.

What is dialectics?

• “Dialectics is the philosophy, science and methodology of interrelation and transformation of outer and inner sets of contradictions of any given particle, unite, process, phenomena, system or object” -Dr.Rkdhaugoda

RK Dhaugoda’s Key law of dialectics• “ In any event, system,objects,process,thought or unit contains an

external set of opposite phenomena which are also connected relatively by means dynamic reciprocal association with other inner essence one or more sets of opposite phenomena again”.

• (It is a new law explored by Dr. R.K.Dhaugoda in the field of dialectics, called RK Dhaugoda’s key law of dialectics)

• Here, A and B are outer opposite sets-contained in every system or events or object or process.

• X and Y are another internal opposite sets’ reciprocally associated with the outer opposite sets dynamically again

ORIGIN AND FATE OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

1. Originated simultaneously at the time of human

life.2. Both follows dialectical or natural and laws of

body, environment and natural process.3. Cannot be isolated from each other, but they are

co-existed inters of unity of each other in relation of various ratios until life is ended.

4. Heath and disease of a person end only after death .

DIALECTICAL CHARACTERS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE….

1. There is no complete –phenomena- regarding health and disease. They

are in the relation of dynamic in nature.2. No one can be in a state of completely healthy or without stress or

disease or infirmity.3. No one can have completely well being or without disease, it is possible

only after death.4. So that the completely liberation from difficulties, stress, sorrow,

disease, problems in our life is impossible.5. we can just minimize them by our advanced knowledge relatively. As

idealistic literature like Bible, Kuran, Puran/ Bedha , Bhagawat Geeta give the unrealistic liberation of all forms of sorrows and diseases completely , even in the future life , pre-supposing the existence of re-born with same memories of present( in the form of unscientific faith ).

DIALECTICAL CHARACTERS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

6. health and disease are transformable into each other7. Health is directly proportional to Higher knowledge and higher

self esteem of an individual and society.8. There is vital role of inner and outer various stress and anti-

stress factors in the process of transformation of health and disease into each other

9. They cannot be isolated from each other. There is no existence of health without disease and vice versa.

10. Health and disease are opposite phenomena. Health is indirectly proportional to disease. They are always in a state of struggle in each other.

11. Immunity is directly proportional to Health but inversely proportional to Disease.

The problems of modern health science are:-

• Lack of scientific and broader official definition of Health; as more than six and half decade old the definition of health given by WHO is very narrow and unscientific.

• Failure to define the Disease and Immunity officially by world health organization (WHO)

• Lack of integration of amongst a vast numbers of specialties and sub-specialties to each other.

• Philosophical problem- it is used as idealistic/formal philosophy in old WHO definition of health, which is not suitable to explain the ever changing science like biology, psychology, chemistry and, environments of body and nature.

• This WHO definition of health has been criticized - As that health cannot be defined as a state OF COMPLETE . All must be seen as a process of continuous adjustment to the changing demands of living and of the changing meanings we give to life. It is a dynamic concept: -

What is disease?What is abnormal?

• What is infectious disease ?• What are infectious agents/pathogens?• What is disease?– no- official- definition- by WHO-yet• What is health?- confusing /controversial-WHO- heath- definition• What is immunity? No – official-definition- by WHO- yet.• Why- the WHO-definition of health is controversial and unscientific?• Is the health really a complete(absolute/stable/not changing) and isolate

phenomena? • If WHO- says -yes, this is a wrong fact- because- there are nothing in

the world , that are absolute and isolated one.• What next? The dictum is that- all things and phenomena are relative

and associated each other ( not the not the absolute and isolated)

What is health?What is normal ?

• Can we isolate health from disease completely?• If no, what should be next one?• Is health an absolute phenomena?• If no, what should be an other?• are health and disease opposite phenomena?• If yes, why we can’t get the definition of disease from WHO-

definition of health?• Is the 66 year old WHO-concept of health seems true?• If no, what’s the next.• The next should be, the definition in terms of the relative, union of

opposites in same unites, can derive opposites from same thing .

World Health Organization

• WHO definition of Health• “Health is a state of complete physical, mental

and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.

• The correct bibliographic citation for the definition is:

• Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.

• The Definition has not been amended since 1948.

Disease is opposite to healthso definition of disease should be opposite of health

• WHO definition of Health

• “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

. IF WHO tried to define the disease, it would be-“ Disease is a state of complete physical, mental, social ill-being and not merely absence of health or

normality”

What does this mean? I have small simple boil in my hand-is it necessary that I should have my mental ,social ,working performance, completely paralyzed/ affected/ ill?. Should have I –in a state of absence of health or normality?----ans- it is practically not possible, not matching, not the truth fact, it is controversial and unscientific.

That’s why- WHO has not define disease as well as immunity officially yet.

If so, why should we follow this unscientific and wrong definition of health? which can not derive the definition of disease and immunity simultaneously.

Then what’s next?

Next should be- depending on higher and worldwide universal / philosophical concept

latest scientific-philosophical concept of health and disease

(dialectical newer concept of health -By R.K.DHAUGODA)

Health is a relative/ dynamic-process ( not a complete or absolute thing but WHO said that – complete )

Health cannot be isolated from disease.( but WHO said that – health is isolated from disease- absence of disease or infirmity; which is impossible )

Health as a human right of individual and society. Health as a matter of social justice. Health as a globally talking matter and related to global and cosmological environment. Health is related with level of the self esteem of the individual Health as opposite of disease. And directly proportion to immunity. Health as philosophico-psycho-social-economic-political mirror. Health relates as a general with types of philosophy (dialectical –materialism or idealism)

of an individual or society. Health is directly proportional to anti-stress factors ( IkBa / x-factor) and inversely

proportional to stress factors ( TNF-alpha and NFkB ) of the body ultimately.

This concept generates relatively more scientific and applied definition of Health, Disease and immunity simultaneously.

APPLICATION OF RK Dhaugoda’s Key law of dialectics

TO DEFINE HEALTH

The relative balance level of the dialectical materialistic thought and practice with high self esteem; and Relative balance level of cellular anti-stress factors (IkBa and X-element) in the body of an individual

X

Health Disease A B

Y

the relative high level of the idealistic thought and practice with low self esteem ; and Relative high level of cellular stress factors (TNF -α / active NFkB) in the body of an individual.

• A is directly proportional to X BUT indirectly proportional to Y• B is directly proportional to Y BUT indirectly proportional to X

Dialectical newer definition of health

Latest dialectical- scientific definition of health-BY dr. RkdhaugodaAccording to Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics-"Health is defined as the relative balance level of the dialectical

materialistic thought and practice in comparison to idealistic thought and practice of an individual with high self esteem; and Relative balance level of cellular anti-stress factors (IkBa and X-factor) in comparison to cellular stress factors (TNF -α / active NFkB) in the body of an individual”.

Ref- the book “RKDHAUGODA’S KEY LAW OF DIALECTIS AND ITS USES IN VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE INCLUDING MEDICAL SCINCE IN DEPTH”

APPLICATION OF RK Dhaugoda’s Key law of dialectics

TO DEFINE DISEASE

The relative LOW level of the dialectical materialistic thought and practice with LOW self esteem; and Relative LOW balance level of cellular anti-stress factors (IkBa and X-factor) in the body of an individual

X

DISEASE HEALTH A B

Y

the relative low level of the idealistic thought and practice with high self esteem ; and Relative low level of cellular stress factors (TNF -α / active NFkB) in the body of an individual.

• A is directly proportional to X BUT indirectly proportional to Y• B is directly proportional to Y BUT indirectly proportional to X

Dialectical newer definition of Disease

• Officially the world health organization (WHO )has not given the definition of DISEASE yet.

• We know that health and disease are opposite phenomena.

• So the definition of disease should be just opposite the definition of health. • So the definition of disease comes out of the definition of health easily

according to the Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics the

• "Disease is defined as the relative low level of the didactical materialistic thought and practice in comparison to idealistic thought and practice of on individual with low self esteem; and relative low level of cellular anti-stress factors (IkBα and X-factor ) in comparison to cellular stress factors (TNF-α and activated NFkB) in the body of an individual". Dr. rkdhaugoda

•

Dialectical definition of Immunity

• Officially WHO has not given the definition of immunity yet. • Up to now no one has given any satisfactory definition of immunity

yet.• According to dialectics, we know that health is directly proportional to

immunity. • So the best definition of immunity is equivalent to the sort form

definition of health.• According to Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics, we can define

Immunity as "Immunity is defined as relative balance level of dialectical materialistic thought and practice; and cellular anti stress factors (IkBa & X-factor) in an individual with high self esteem".

• This definition of immunity- describes the health and immunity from the molecular level to grand surrounding factors of human and nature simultaneously.

• Disease is indirectly proportional to immunity

major characters of infectious agents(pathogens)

1. can transmit- one to another2. can- multiply in host3. can make response by host (negatively)-SIRS4. can alter host adversely.

(ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY/THOUGHT AND BEHAVIORS)5. can initiate pathogenesis with small –quantity as seed

triggering agent.6. can be neutralized by the host forming specific active and

passive immunity.7.Can-easily attack susceptible host (hypo-immune state)

Types of pathogens

Pathogens may be – • subjective , • objective, • living• non-living which can-multiply- into the- host , transmit one from

another and can alters the functions and structure of host.

Subjective- objective; man – machine- relative association.

Pathogens

• Ignorance/idealism- UNSCIENTIFIC FAITH/ IDEALISM• (Infected)/ extremist idea/ behaviors-terrorism/racism/fascism/

imperialism- CIA/AI-KAIDA/BH• COMPUTER( DIGITAL) VIRUS- computer hackers• Low self esteem/mental torture/fear factor/insecurity• Prion• Virus• Bacteria/Spirochetes• Fungus• Protozoa• Helminthes ( intra cellular/extracellular)

DEFINITION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

• Any disease caused by the presence of pathogens in the body is called an infectious disease.

• The main sources of pathogens are ignorance, idealism/ extrimism /fascism terrorism, imperialism, human, soil, contaminated water, and infected animals, including other people.

• Pathogens may be – subjective , objective, living/non-living.--- which can-multiply- into the- host .and transmit one from another.

Common infectious disease

social

• Unscientific cultures• Racial/ ethnic discrimination• Racial wars• Regional wars• Religions conflicts/war• Terrorism• World war• Post war syndrome• Poverty• abuse

man-machine

• Electronic device- crack• Networking- disturbing• Web site crake• Computer hacking• System control failure

Common infectious disease

Prion • prion causestransmissible

spongiform encephalopathies in a variety of mammals ( mad cow disease)

• In humans, prions cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, Fatal Familial Insomnia and kuru

viral disease• MMR- measles, mumps rubella• VIRAL-HEPATITIS-ABCDE • HEPATO-CELLULAR Ca- HCV• POLIOMYELITIS-polio-virus• CHEKEN-POX-varicella zoster• SMALL POX-• Herpes zoster• AIDS- HIV• Bird flu- H5N1-INFUENZA VIRUS.• FIFTH DISEASE- PARBO-VIRUS-B19• Japanese encephalitis- JE VIRUS• DENGUE FEVER- DENGUE VIRUS• HPV- WART, CERVICAL CANCER• Infectious mono nucleosis- EBV• RABIES

Common infectious disease

BACTERIAL DISEASES

-TYPHOIDBACTERIAL ENTERITIS/ DYSENTRYPNEOMONIA, MENINGITISABSCESS/CELLULITISTETANUSTUBERCULOSISLEPROSYCOLERAPERTUSISBOTULISMSYPHILISLYME DISEASESALMONELLOSISZOONOTIC BACTERIAL DISEASE

FUNGAL

• TENEA INFECTICON• CANDIDASIS• ASPERGILLOSIS• PNEMOCYSTIC CARINI• ONYCOMYCOSIS• FUNGAL MENINGITIS• CRYPTOCOCOSIS• MYCOSIS

Common infectious disease

PROTOZOA• Giardiasis• Amoebic dysentery• Amoebic liver abscess• Malaria• Kala-azar( leishmaniasis )• Toxoplasmosis• Cryptosporidiosis• Trichomoniasis• Chagas disease• Sleeping Sickness

other parasites• Pediculosis• Scabies• ascariasis• Schistosomiasis• Strongyloidiasis• Taeniasis(cause of Cysticercosis)• Toxocariasis• Trichinosis• Trichuriasis• fileriasis

Sources of infectious disease/pathogens

• Main source of human disease pathogens are the human/ ill society, extremist- idealistic philosophic mind and behaviours , illiteracy ,ignorance, human body, these people may or may not display symptoms of the illness.

• These carriers are a significant reservoir of infectious disease.

• Environmental factors- water , air, animals, plants.

Transmission1. By direct contact; exchange of body fluid especially during

sexual intercourse, 2. By an object; people handle contaminate objects then

touch face, nose, eyes, etc…3. Through the air; person coughs or sneezes spreading

droplets, which are then inhaled , infected foods/water.4. Vertical transmission- 5. By a vector; insects such as mosquito, ticks, ANIMALS6. AGENTS (CIA)/LEADERS OF TERRORIST/ILL

SOCIETY/IMPEREALISTIC COUNTRY,COMPUTER HACKERS, spread pathogens between host, or reservoirs TO-HOST

7. Communication medias/ORGANIZATIONS- CIA- EXTRIME RELEGIOUS, RACIAL,TERRORIST ( AL KAIDA/ BOKO HARAM) ORGANIZATIONS, infected ideas/ idealism.

Understanding of disease pathogenesis

• General philosophy- dialectical– materialism/rkdhaugoda’s key law of dialectics• General theory- Rkdhaugoda's General theory of vasculitis• General outer cusses- outer-stress factors (pathogens)-broad spectrum –by rkd• General guideline/ definition of health/disease/immunity---rkdhaugoda

(dialectical-definition of health ,disease and immunity)• General pathology- General vasculitis-(inflammation of group of epithelial cells of

micro- vascular system).• General mediator-inner stress factors(NFkB/TNF-alpha)--------rkd• General inner – intra-cellular-antistress factors( IkBa/X-factor)----rkd• General -sequence/ process-pathogenesis- slow or fast alteration of ratio of inner

stress factor and inner antistress factors • General symptoms- fast or slow SIRS-• General ratio of health and disease, optimal ratio of Health: Disease = 4:1--rkdhaugoda• General management principle- Integrated management of human illness (IMHI)-rkdhaugoda

General pathogenesis of disease• Stress factors ( pathogens)• Invasion• Multiplication-PATHOGEN USES- HOST SOURSES-ENERGY• Immune response• Activation of defense mechanism-activation of NFkB-• Release of cytokines TNF-alpha- SIRS- prodormal –symptoms• Relative imbalance THE RATIO of- TNF-alpha and NFkB : IkBa AND X-factor• General pathology- micro/ macro-vasculitis• Fighting- each other-TUG OF WAR• Elimination/ phagocytosis- success (RESOLVE)/fail- disease symptoms .• Disease symptoms –are due to sequele of various degree of vasculitis of particular-

tissue or organ• RECOVERY SATAGE/ CARRIER/ PROGRESSIVE PATHOGENESIS• SIRS-SEPSIS-MOD-MOF-DEATH• SLOW- SIRS- CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-FIBROSIS/CANCER –Abnormal stem cells

Steps-Pathogenesis of disease• -

OUTER STRESSFACTORS(pathogens)

-InvasionMultiplication

-Using host nutrient andMolecules

-Immune responseActivates NFKB

SECRETION OF TNF-ALPHASIRS

AS EARLY GENERAL SYMPTOMS

FEVER/MALAISE/NAUSEAMICRO-VASCULITIS

PAIN/HOT/SWELLINGAcute inflammation ofCells/tissue/organ of

body/thought and behaviour/social norms

structures/ machine/device

ANTI-BODYFORMATION

STARTS PHAGOCYTOSISSECRETION OF

ANTI-INFLAMMATOTY

/activation of anti-spy

ware/agentstruggle

RESOLVINGSLOW SIRS

(CH.inflammation)Tissue necrosis

GangreneMass formation

ObstructionAbscess formation

Scar/fibrosisAbnormal

hormon/receptors/enzymes/neurotra

nsmettersDestruction of

though/behaviour/machine-device

Gene mutation inStem cells-forming cancer stem cells

( cancer)

PRESENTING problemclinical approach

• INFLAMMAION- LOCAL/SYSTEMIC• SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION- LOCAL• SIRS-fever/ + other associated symptoms/rashes/discharge/

pain/ swelling/obstruction• Clinical/ epidemiological- HX and examination• If-can not identified- the cause within 14 days of initial

investigation.• PUO- NEESDS ADVANCE INVESTIGATIONS• PUO- infectious/ malignancy/ connective tissue/ drugs

diagnosis

• Symptomatic/ syndromic- diagnosis• Symptomatic- management+• preventive measure• Definitive diagnosis• Definitive treatment of host- • Epidemiological-review and control

General managementintegrated management of human illness (IMHI)

• HUMANELY CONVERSATION AND HANDALING• USE GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS/tools• DATA INQUARY- HISTORY/EXAMINATION/INVESTIGATION.• DATA CLLECTION• DATA ANLYSIS• IMPRESSION• GRADING OF PROBLEM/SEVERITY• REASSURENCE• SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT• PREVENTION TO TRANSMISSON TO OTHERS/SELF• FINAL DIAGNOSIS/ SEARCH FOR ROOT CAUSE• TREATMENT OF ROOT CAUSE/ SPECIFIC TREATMENT FOR CAUSE IF POSSIBLE.• TREAMENT FOR PREVENTION OF COPLICATION• TREATMENT OF COMPLICATION IF PRESENT• LOOKING BACK FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY- EPIDEMIC? COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS-HEALTH

EDUCATION• TREATMENT OF ADVANCE STAGE/ENDSTAGE OF DISEASE IN HIGHER CENTER.• RESREACH MANAGEMENT- FOR LAST RESORT- WITH HOPE

prevention

Primary preventionBreaking of transmission chainIdentification and destroy/treatment of sourceHealth education/ dialectical educationGene mutation of vectors-mosquitoGene mutation of causative agentsVaccination-Increase host defense mechanism-high alert security/

anti-spy wareLifestyle modifications

Secondary prevention

• Damage control activities• Early detection and treatment of root cause• Break the secondary transmission chain• Application of infection prevention activities strictly• Vaccination- for nearer/close contact person• Treatment of exposures timely-health workers• Vaccination for post exposure/post disease- a new

way---may work- apply-as research management.• Try to reduced –effect of over treatment• Prevention of hospital acquired infections.

Tertiary prevention

• Prevention from complications• Appropriate and timely treatment of any complications• Prevention from morbidity• Prevention from disability as far as possible• Secondary damage control• Occupational and appropriate life style modification- to retain-

socio-economic-state• Psychological adjustment training- to reduce depression• Make realization- of limitation of our knowledge/life– easy –

actualization of end process of life• Ethical advance/research management to parent from death.

Levels of Disease Occurrence in community

Sporadic level: occasional cases occurring at irregular intervals Endemic level: persistent occurrence with a low to moderate level Hyperendemic level: persistently high level of occurrenceEpidemic or outbreak: occurrence clearly in excess of the expected level for a given time periodPandemic: epidemic spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large number of people

(www)

Diseases for which vaccines are used

• Antrhax• Chicken pox• Cholera• Diphtheria• German measles (rubella)• Hepatitis A & B• Influenza• Malaria (in process)• Measles• Menigitis• Mumps• Plague

• Pneumonia• Polio• Rabies• Small pox• Spotted fever• Tetanus• Tuberculosis• Typhoid Fever ( not so

effective)• Typhus• Whooping Cough• Yellow Fever• HPV-VACCINE-ca-cervix

The Epidemiology Square of health and disease --the newer concept

optimum Ratio of Health and disease

4:1

Environmentgood or bad

Way and stage of socialization of mind

Good/bad-PhilosophyThought

And behavior

Host- bodySusceptibleDefensive

Level of x-factor

Agent/forceHarmful/ helpful

Social disease

• Corruption/terrorism- infectious disease • Immoral thought/ action- idealistic/selfish philosophy-source

• Idealistic / ill /misled idea of a person-agent• Violates rules/regulation with misuses of forces-pathogenesis• Misuse of various amount of – internal sources of host- money• weak/ rules/regulation/low defense /unstable security- low immunity• Misuse of various amount of – int.sourses of host• Susceptible -PERSON/organization/system/society/COUNTRY-- host• Scarcity of needful –sources of host – decreased money---incomplete

plans/mechanism—activation of uncontrolled system( like cytokine)in host- disease symptoms-slow development of host- load shedding /price inflation

• Prevalence- worldwide- no-border-religious- professional• Prevention and treatment- MORAL EDUCATION/ STRONG DEFENSIVE SYSTEM/

REDUCE/MODIFICATION THEIR ACT BY GENETIC MODIFICATION-OF THOUGHT-PHILOSOPHY/ HUGE PUNISHMENT-CONTROL MECHANISM- ACTIVE FEED BACK MECHANISM.