TOPICTOPIC

HIV/AIDS AND HIV/AIDS AND NUTRITIONNUTRITION PRESENTED BY: HONEST CHIRWAPRESENTED BY: HONEST CHIRWA

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Most of the world’s 40 Most of the world’s 40 million people currently million people currently living with HIV/AIDS reside living with HIV/AIDS reside in communities already in communities already suffering from poverty and suffering from poverty and malnutrition. malnutrition.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

HIV/AIDS has significant HIV/AIDS has significant nutrition-related implications nutrition-related implications and consequences for and consequences for individuals, families, and individuals, families, and communities. In infected communities. In infected individuals, HIV contributes to individuals, HIV contributes to and is affected by nutritional and is affected by nutritional status. status.

Nutrition Status affectedNutrition Status affected

Needs high protein diet Needs high protein diet

Consequences of HIV Consequences of HIV infection includeinfection include

Inability to absorb Inability to absorb nutrients from food.nutrients from food.

Changes in metabolism.Changes in metabolism. Reductions in food intake Reductions in food intake due to HIV-related due to HIV-related symptoms.symptoms.

Poor NutritionPoor Nutrition

Increases the vulnerability to, and Increases the vulnerability to, and the severity of, opportunistic the severity of, opportunistic infections. infections.

Reduce medication efficiency and Reduce medication efficiency and adherence adherence

Can accelerate the progression of Can accelerate the progression of disease.disease.

Symptoms of Acute StageSymptoms of Acute Stage

Objectives of food and nutrition Objectives of food and nutrition assistance include:assistance include:

Using food aid to improve the Using food aid to improve the nutritional status of nutritional status of individuals affected by individuals affected by HIV/AIDS to increase the HIV/AIDS to increase the quality and duration of life, quality and duration of life, and to keep children affected and to keep children affected by HIV/AIDS in ACTIVE. by HIV/AIDS in ACTIVE.

Objectives of food and nutrition Objectives of food and nutrition assistance include:assistance include:

Increasing overall food Increasing overall food security in infected or security in infected or affected households affected households

Improving knowledge and Improving knowledge and promoting practices on the promoting practices on the nutritional requirements of nutritional requirements of people living with HIV/AIDSpeople living with HIV/AIDS

StudyStudy

A recent study found that, A recent study found that, compared with an average adult, compared with an average adult, a person with HIV requires 10 to a person with HIV requires 10 to 15 percent more energy 15 percent more energy

50 to 100 percent more protein a 50 to 100 percent more protein a day. day.

The Kcal intake is increased to The Kcal intake is increased to 25002500

Chiradzulu Chiradzulu

The risk of malnutritionThe risk of malnutrition

Increases significantly during the Increases significantly during the course of the infection.course of the infection.

Good nutrition cannot cure AIDS or Good nutrition cannot cure AIDS or prevent HIV infection, but it can help prevent HIV infection, but it can help to maintain and improve the to maintain and improve the nutritional status of a person with nutritional status of a person with HIV/AIDS and delay the progression HIV/AIDS and delay the progression from HIV to AIDS-related diseases.from HIV to AIDS-related diseases.

Good NutritionGood Nutrition

Can improve the quality of life of Can improve the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. people living with HIV/AIDS.

Nutritional care and support are Nutritional care and support are important from the early stages important from the early stages of the infection to prevent the of the infection to prevent the development of nutritional development of nutritional deficiencies. deficiencies.

Good NutritionGood Nutrition

A healthy and balanced diet will A healthy and balanced diet will help to maintain body weight and help to maintain body weight and fitness. fitness.

Eating well helps to maintain and Eating well helps to maintain and improve the performance of the improve the performance of the immune system - the body's immune system - the body's protection against infection - and protection against infection - and therefore helps a person to stay therefore helps a person to stay healthy.healthy.

Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Assessment and Support of HIV PositiveSupport of HIV Positive

• Assessment: Assessment: Detailed diet history Detailed diet history A medication history: to include A medication history: to include

antiretroviral, any medications for antiretroviral, any medications for opportunistic infection treatment, opportunistic infection treatment, use of /vitamins, minerals, and other use of /vitamins, minerals, and other food supplements should not be food supplements should not be taken unless prescribed by your taken unless prescribed by your doctor or nutritionist.doctor or nutritionist.

Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Assessment and Support of HIV PositiveSupport of HIV Positive

Anthropometric data- height, Anthropometric data- height, weight, height-for-age, weight-for-weight, height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and head age, weight-for-height, and head circumference in children up to 7 circumference in children up to 7 years of age.years of age.

Medications may need to be Medications may need to be recalculated based on weight and recalculated based on weight and height changes because the body height changes because the body surface area has changed. surface area has changed.

Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Assessment and Support of HIV PositiveSupport of HIV Positive

Evaluation of weight Evaluation of weight changes. The definition for changes. The definition for AIDS Wasting Syndrome is AIDS Wasting Syndrome is 10% body weight loss.10% body weight loss. It is It is crucial to remember in crucial to remember in pediatric patients, that this pediatric patients, that this can amount to as little as a can amount to as little as a 1 kilogram (kg) weight loss.1 kilogram (kg) weight loss.

List of lab tests that are beneficial List of lab tests that are beneficial for HIV/AIDS & nutritionfor HIV/AIDS & nutrition

•Albumin and Prealbumin Albumin and Prealbumin •Transferrin/Total Fe and % Transferrin/Total Fe and % saturation saturation

•B12/Folate B12/Folate •CBC with Differential CBC with Differential •Electrolytes Electrolytes •Liver and Renal FunctionsLiver and Renal Functions

ConclusionConclusion

Good Nutrition is very important Good Nutrition is very important in HIV patients.in HIV patients.

It is important to meet a It is important to meet a Dietitian/Nutritionist for diet Dietitian/Nutritionist for diet recommendations.recommendations.

A frequently used and tolerated A frequently used and tolerated intervention is to encourage small, intervention is to encourage small, frequent feedings instead of a traditional frequent feedings instead of a traditional three (3) meal pattern. three (3) meal pattern.

ConclusionConclusion

In Infants Formulas can also In Infants Formulas can also be boosted with medical be boosted with medical nutritional such as nutritional such as carbohydrate sources carbohydrate sources (Polycose®), protein sources (Polycose®), protein sources (Promod®, Meritene®), or fat (Promod®, Meritene®), or fat sources (Microlipid®).sources (Microlipid®).

ConclusionConclusion

Other supplements available Other supplements available for older children greater for older children greater than 8-10 years of age, than 8-10 years of age, include Pediasure®, Instant include Pediasure®, Instant Breakfast type drinks, Breakfast type drinks, Resource®, and Resource®, and Scandishake® (high pro diet)Scandishake® (high pro diet)

THE ENDTHE END

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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GOD BLESSGOD BLESS