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WH
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Healthy Urban Planning: in-Healthy Urban Planning: in-road to local health road to local health
developmentdevelopmentWHO Healthy CitiesWHO Healthy Cities
Geoff GreenElisabeth Bengtsson
Agis Tsouros
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Challenges in CitiesChallenges in CitiesGrowing health concerns in cities include
Poverty and social exclusion Violence and Safety Pollution of air, water and land Substandard housing and unhealthy planning Poor employment conditions Stress and Sedentary lifestyles Poor quality food The unmet needs of vulnerable groups Lack of public involvement in decisions Growing inequalities
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How does Urban Planning How does Urban Planning affect health?affect health?
L o c a l H o s p i t a l ?
WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy
How does Urban Planning affect health?Physical factors
(some examples)Links Associated
health issues• Road severance
• Lack of facilities in neighbourhood (shops, places to go)
• Lack of local informal recreational opportunities (allotments, play parks)
• Unattractive, poorly designed pedestrian routes (road traffic dominated routes)
• Poor insulation, waste of solar insolation
• Lack of opportunity for food growing
• Lack of opportunity for informal interaction in the community
• Isolation
Mental wellbeing
• Air-polluted local walking environments
• Fuel povertyRespiratory disease
• Lack of regular exercise
• Food deserts, poor diet
Heart disease and Obesity issues
WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy
Healthy Urban Planning in ManchesterA century ago towing planning and public health were working closely together but then they
went their separate ways
1853 2003
Typhoid
CholeraDysentery
ScrofulaAsthma
Obesity
Stress & mental health
Heart disease
“Traffic will be to 21st century public health what sewage was to 19th century public health”
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The health map
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How does Urban Planning How does Urban Planning affect health?affect health?
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www.sponpress.com
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WH
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Cen
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ealth Healthy Urban PlanningHealthy Urban Planning
Key Principles:• Equity• Intersectoral cooperation• Community involvement• Sustainability• International action
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Cen
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ealth Types of toolsTypes of tools
• Conceptual development• Political• Strategic• Technical
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Healthy Urban PlanningHealthy Urban Planning The twelve key health The twelve key health
objectivesobjectivesDo planning policies and proposals promote and
encourage ?1
.Personal lifestyles 7. Safety
2.
Social cohesion 8. Equity
3.
Housing quality 9. Air and aesthetics
4.
Access to work 10.
Water
5.
Accessibility 11
Land and minerals
6 Food 12.
Climate stability
Barton & Tsourou 2000
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4 elements of action4 elements of actionfor health and sustainable for health and sustainable development at city leveldevelopment at city level
Political Commitment tothe values and principles ofhealth and sustainable development; equity andsolidarityArticulate a long term visionfor your city based on these qualities
Systematic action to tacklethe social and environmentaldeterminants of health including Integrating health considerations Into urban planning and design
Institutional processes to support partnership-based work and participative governance
Local, national andinternational cooperation and networking
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WHO Working with WHO Working with European cities: European cities:
Themes and ToolsThemes and Tools• Healthy Ageing• Health Impact Assessment• Healthy Urban Planning• Physical Activity and Active Living
• City Health Profiles• City Health Development Plans
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Healthy Urban Planning Healthy Urban Planning PrioritiesPriorities
• Transport and mobility• Healthy Ageing• Neighbourhoods• Physical Activity• Strategic and Master Plans• Cross-cutting links Health Impact Assessment
• Tools-commitment-innovation• awareness-capacity-applications-
mainstreaming
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How to increase physical How to increase physical activity in an urban activity in an urban
environmentenvironment• Transport
– Cycling : Cycle paths, Cycle parks• Walking
– Pedestrian areas– Walking buses– Safety of walking
• Leisure time facilities– Parks– Open schools– Public or subsidised sport facilities– Safety of playgrounds
• Building design– Stairs
• Urban design– Positioning of services in walking distance
• Traffic restrictions on weekends
““Obesity: an epidemic Obesity: an epidemic without treatment”without treatment”
Urban Design can make a huge difference Urban Design can make a huge difference in supporting physical activityin supporting physical activity
Handy PPT Bursa, Turkey
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Open space, Open space, Health and Urban Health and Urban
planningplanning• Physical exercise & recreation• Social and cultural aspects –
community & relationships• Psychological effects• Wildlife in cities• Organic urban food production• Air quality and noise• Water management
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• What does the neighbourhood mean?
• Community decision making• Housing – social inclusion and
diversity• Access to jobs, shopping,
education and health facilities• Planning for movement• Public spaces and open space
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• City wide level – policies to promote walking and cycling as part of a wider transport strategy
• Neighbourhood level – a mix of uses and maximum opportunity to walk or cycle
• Assessing a project – a checklist addressing localised issues of movement and accessibility
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ealth WHO Healthy Cities Network Phase IV (2003-2008)
in the WHO European Region (Designated and Applicants)
SVN
BLR
12 January 2007
Seixal
Amadora
Geneva
MilanBologna
JerusalemPadua
Udine
Arezzo
Copenhagen
Sandnes
Helsingborg Stockholm
Dresden
Glasgow
Newcastle
LiverpoolManchester
Sheffield
Stoke-on-Trent
Bursa
Vienna Györ
Rijeka
Lodz
89 Cities76 designated13 applicants
Yalova
ÇankayaViana do Castelo
Liège
Belfast
Camden
Montijo
Stirling
Sunderland
Turin
Turku
Ljubljana
San Fernandode Henares
Poznan
Brno
Brighton
Horsens
Eskisehir/Tepebasi
Kuopio
Celje
Pecs
Kadiköy
Jurmala
Aydin
Brussels
Avanos
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Kirikkale
Zagreb
Izhevsk
Trabzon City
Rennes
Østfold County Council
Istanbul
Dublin
LeganésSant Andreaude la Barca
Siena ÜrgüpAthens
Cheboksary
Dimitrovgrad
NovocheboksarskKaunas
Kuressaare
Yevpatoria
Venice
Pärnu
Salamanca
Bartin
Galway
Stavropol
Cherepovets
Kinel-Cherkassy District
BorjomiGijon
Barcelona
TiranaMaltepe
GolcükNancy
Sarajevo
Koper
Dunkerque
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http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities/cities/