HEALTH SYSTEM OF AUSTRALIA

POWER POINT BY:NEELIMA YADAV

INTRODUCTIONAustralia has a mainly tax-funded health care system, with medical

services subsidized through a universal national health insurance scheme.

Health services are administered through a federal system of government and are delivered by many public and private providers.

Medicare is Australia's publicly funded universal health care system.

Australia's health expenditure to GDP ratio (~9.5%) in 2011-2012, was slightly above average compared with other countries.

financial year 2013-2014 the GDP ratio is 9.8 i.e.. 154.6 billion.

INTRO Cont..Health practitioners include medical practitioners, nurses and

midwives, and allied health professionals such as medical practitioners, psychologists and optometrists.

Nurses and midwives are the largest group in the health workforce, with 290,144 nurses and midwives employed in 2012 .

In 2012, there were 1,124 full-time equivalent nurses and midwives employed for every 100,000 people. There were 374 medical practitioners , 85 psychologists and 15 podiatrists.

TYPES OF HEALTH CARE

Primary health care In Australia, primary health care is typically a person's

first point of contact with the health system and is most often provided outside the hospital system.

Primary health care accounts for almost as much health spending as hospital services, accounting for 36.1% ($50.6 billion) of total health expenditure in 2011-12 .

Secondary care Secondary care is medical care provided by a specialist

or facility upon referral by a primary care physician . It includes services provided by hospitals and specialist medical practice.

TYPES Cont..

Hospitals

In Australia, hospital services are provided by both public and private hospitals. In 2011-12, there were 1,345 hospitals in Australia and total hospitalizations rose by 4.6% to almost 9.3 million in 2012.

Hospital emergency departments are a critical component of hospitals and the health system. They provide care for patients who have an urgent need for medical or surgical care, and in some cases also provide care for patients returning for further care, or patients waiting to be admitted.

HEALTH INDEX

• Crude Death Rate (PER 1;000 PEOPLE)………………..6.30( IN 2013)

Crude Birth Rate (PER 1;000 people)…………………13.20 IN( 2013)

Total fertility rate of Australia is 1.77 with a global rank of 156

Under 5 mortality rate was 4 per 1000 (in 2015)

The infant mortality rate in 2012 was 3.3 infant deaths per 1,000 live birth

HEALTH Cont..

Over the five years 2006-2010, there were 99 maternal deaths in Australia. This equates to a rate of 6.8 deaths per 100,000 women who gave birth in Australia.

Among them there were 39 direct maternal deaths and 57 indirect deaths.

The leading causes of direct maternal death included embolism caused by amniotic fluid or blood clot and hemorrhage.

'The leading cause of indirect maternal death was cardiac disease followed by deaths due to psychosocial morbidity.

NUMBER OF PEOPLE INVOLVED IN HEALTH

SYSTEM

YEAR MALE FEMALE PERSONS2001 169,673 623,718 793,3912006 204,501 751,649 956,1502011 245,315 922,318 1,167,633

Total expenditure on health, by area of expenditure, 2011-12 ($ billion)

How much does Australia spend on health care?

Health expenditure data includes health expenditure by governments as well as individuals and other non-government sources such as private health insurers. The providers of health goods and services include hospitals, primary health care providers such as general practitioners (GPs), and other health professionals.

In 2011-12, Australia spent around $140.2 billion on health, around 1.7 times higher in real terms (after adjusting for increase) than in 2001-02. Health expenditure has grown faster than population growth. Expenditure increased from $4,276 per person in to $6,230 in 2011-12.

Expenditure on the basis of disease

The group with the highest spending nationally is 'Cardiovascular disease” ($7.7 billion, or 10.4% of total disease expenditure).

It is followed by 'Oral health' ($7.2 billion, or 9.7%) and 'Mental disorders' ($6.4 billion, or 8.6%) .

Expenditure Cont..

There are some NGOs and INGOs working in Australia like CARE Australia, caritas Australia, CBM Australia, child fund Australia, Oxfam Australia, plan international ,TEAR Australia, world vision Australia (WVA), UNICEF Australia etc.

although there are some challenges of workforce ,and lack of hospital to cover every patient but the health system seems to be effectively implemented in Australia.

There are some hospitals like royal Perth hospital , royal children’s hospital providing specialized

services to the people.