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• Surface anatomy(Face)
CaucasianProminent nose
Narrow nasal aperture
Big brow-ridges, large jaws and teeth, prognathous.
Big brow ridges, low vault
Mongoloid
MongoloidHigh narrow foreheadEpicanthal fold
Prognathous
low vault, receding frontal, sharper brow ridges
facial flatness, though jaws and teeth are still large
Prognathism
Low wide nasal aperture
Afrotropical (Negroid)
Brow ridges
AustraloidNarrow superior vault
Caucasian Prominent nose
Afrotropical Prognathism
Australoid Brow ridges
Mongoloid Facial flatness
CaucasianNarrow nasal aperture
MongoloidHigh narrow forehead
AustraloidNarrow superior vault
AfrotropicalLow wide nasal aperture
Sexual dimorphism! Two Australian crania:
“Extreme” male “Extreme” female
From the samepopulation (Keppel Is., Qld.)
Facial propertions
Rule of thumb
Reid s base line
Frankforts line
NasionOrbital margin
Zygomaticofrontal suture
Bony landmarks
2.5cm
1cm
Symphysis menti
2.5cm
1cm
premolar
1cm
Anterior nasal spine
Canine eminence
Jugal point
neck
Articular tubercle
1cm
Base of mandibule
Angle of mandibule(C2)
PhiltrumRed border lineNasolabial grooveBuccal fat pad
Ngel in f &m
Aging
• Crow foot
Frontozygomatic suture
3.5cm
4cm1cm
6cm
2.5cm
Bregma
1-Helix 2-Auricular tubercle 3-Scaphoid fossa 4-Triangular fossa 5-crura of antihelix 6-Crus of helix 7-Concha 8-Tragus 9-Antihelix 10-
Intertragic incisure 11-Antitragus 12-Tail of helix 13-Lobule 14-External acoustic meatus
1/6
3rd (Oculomotor), 4th (Trochlear) and 6th (Abducent) nerves- eye movements, upper eyelid & pupil size
III,IV and VI control eye movements
Supplies upper lid and superior,medial and inferior rectus muscles
Controls eye movements and pupil size
III Oculomotor
Trochlear(Sup oblique)
Nose
Nasion
1cm2cm
1cm
2cm
Parotid Gland
1.5cm
Surgical ManagementIncisions
Rhytidectomy Modified Blair
Surgical Management
Tragal pointer (10 mm inferior and deep).Mastoid process.Posterior belly of the digastric.Superficial temporal and retromandibular veins
Radiation
Muscles of Mastication
Figure 11–6
Trigeminal Nerve
2cm
Lingual n
Inferior alveolar n
1cm
Maxillary n,mandibular n(4cm deep to tubercle of zygomatic arch)
Inf alveolar n
Muscles of Facial Expression
Figure 11–4a
Muscles of Facial Expression
Figure 11–4b
Ear MM
‘Universal’ Expression Groups
• Sadness• Anger• Happiness• Fear• Disgust• Surprise
Corrugator supercillifrontalis
ZygomaticusLevator anguli oris–
Depressor labii inferiorusDepressor anguli oris
Levator labii superiorus
Levator labii sup alaque nasi
Depressor septi
Cranial Cranial NervesNerves
2cm
Lower Motor Neuron lesion of VII nerve palsy
described by Dr Charles Bell in 1882
PainTearingDroolingHypersensitivity to soundImpairment of taste
1cm
5cm
Jugal point
2cm
Temporal arteritis
Thanks for your attention