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Go ahead and sulk. Unhappiness won't kill you
The Widely Held View That Happiness Enhances Health & Longevity is Unfounded, Says Study
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A study published on Wednesday in The Lancet, following one millionmiddle-aged women in Britain for 10 years, finds that the widely held viewthat happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded. “Happiness andrelated measures of well-being do not appear to have any direct effect onmortality ,“ researchers concluded.“Good news for the grumpy“ is one way to interpret the findings, said SirRichard Peto, an author of the study .He and his fellow researchers decidedto look into the subject due to the widespread belief that stress andunhappiness cause diseases.Such beliefs can fuel a tendency to blame the sick for bringing ailments onthemselves by being negative, and to warn the well to cheer up or else.The new study says earlier research confused cause and effect, suggestingthat unhappiness made people ill when it is actually the other way around.
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For the study , women aged between 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001 were recruited,and tracked with questionnaires and official records of deaths and hospitaladmissions. The questionnaires as ked how often the women felt happy , in control,relaxed and stressed, and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailmentslike high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and depression or anxiety.
When the answers were analysed, unhappiness and stress were not associatedwith an increased risk of death. It is not clear whether the findings apply to men.
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 5,00,000 women whoreported on their baseline surveys that they were in good health, with no history ofheart disease, cancer, stroke or emphysema.
A “substantial minority“ of these women said they were stressed or unhappy , hesaid, but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were thewomen who were happy . “This refutes the large effects of unhappiness and stresson mortality that others have claimed,“ Peto said.
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Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly , but it can do harm in otherways, by driving people to suicide, alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors,he warned.
This type of study , which depends on participants' self-assessments, is notconsidered as reliable as a rigorously designed experiment in which subjectsare picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group.
Still, some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced andcomplex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness.
“I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate thesecomplicated feelings into a self-report of happiness,“ said Baruch Fischhoff, apsychologist. “Happiness is a squishy measure.“
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The results of earlier studies have been mixed, with some finding thatunhappiness causes illness and others showing no link. “It looks to melike people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal,“Fischoff said.
Peto said he doubted that the new study would change many mindsbecause beliefs about the perils of unhappiness are so ingrained.“People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks,“ hesaid.
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