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DR.RKT

“Forensic odontology” -awareness to dentists

-Makes an impact on the fact

Presenting author: Dr.Ram kumar Thiramdas Oral and maxillofacial pathology

CONTENTS

•Introduction•Definition•Breif history•Role of a forensic odontologist•Role of a general dentist in forensic investigation•Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Law

Effective

ARCHEOLOGY

•Odontostomatology

•Term “Forensic odontology”

IDENTIFICATION

NO TWO ORAL CAVITIES ARE SIMILAR

IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

DEFINITION

• Forensic odontology can be defined as a specialised branch in dentistry which in the interest of justice deals with the proper handling, examination of dental evidence with proper presentation and proper evaluation of dental findings- FDI

PAUL REVERE- In 1770’s , first dentist to use dental evidence for identification

EVOLUTION OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

“The role of the dentists in the identification of the victims in accidents” on 4 may1897” at paris, international medical congress of moscow.

1898

FATHER OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

ADOLF HITLER

LEFT UPPER AND LOWER BRIDGESEEN FROM THE LINGUAL

Zia Ul Haq

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATIONMETHODS OF IDENTIFICATION:- 1- THE LEAST RELIABLE METHODS:

Visual recognition by relatives and friends.

2- SCIENTIFIC IDENTIFICATION:

  Fingerprints

Dental Characteristics

Skeletal Characteristics

Serology (eg: rapist, a semen sample)

Hair

DERMATOGLYPHICS

RUGOSCOPY CHEILOSCOPY

AMELOGLYPHICS

NUMBER OF LAMELLAE PER OSTEON

3- IDENTIFICATION BY EXCLUSION:

-EXAMINATION & RECORDING OF ALL DETAILS.

-COLLECTION OF INFORMATION OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER FROM MISSING PERSONS.

-MATCHING OF DATA OF BODY WITH THAT OF MISSING PERSON (ANTE MORTEM DATA V/S ESTABLISHED POST MORTEM DATA).

Post morteum Antemorteum

ROLE OF A FORENSIC ODONTOLOGIST

-AGE ESTIMATION

-SCHLOUR, MASSLERS CHART for age estimation ofChildrens and adolescence (5 months of intrauterine life to 21 years) along with radiographic estimation

-GUSTAFSON’S CHART for adults

AttritionSecondary dentin deposition

Loss of periodontal attachmentCememtum apposition at root apex

Root resorption at the apexValue of third molar

Dentin translucency...

-Incremental lines of cementum

-Dentinal translucency

The tooth and pulp areas are delineated and measured on computer software

programs such as AutoCAD

SEX DETERMINATION

•MCI in identification of sex has never exceeded 87.5%it can only be used as a

supplemental tool.

MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX

Sex determination from dna and related structures-Necrotic tissue stained with Quinacrine mustard and using fluorescent Y chromosome Can test gender for mles.

-PCR amplification method .

SEX DETERMINATION BY ROOT LENGTH AND CROWN DIAMETER- 80% accuracy -done by optical scaner

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

It includes investigation of Bite marksChild AbuseLip Prints

BITEMARKSRELATED KEYWORDS: Nirbhaya-Case|Forensic-Analysis|Dharwad-College

Nirbhaya case: Dharwad college helped with forensic analysisBasavaraj F Kattimani, TNN | Sep 13, 2013, 01.19AM IST

HUBLI: The forensic odontology department of the SDM Dental College, Dharwad played a vital role in proving guilty all the accused in Nirbhaya rape and murder case. 

Delhi police sent samples of dental modules of the five accused (except the juvenile) for forensic analysis to be compared with bite marks on the victim's body. Dr Ashit B Acharya, head of the department, told TOI: "On December 17, I received a call from Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi where the victim was admitted. They sought our help with dental forensics." 

"After confirming that our college is the referral centre for forensic dental cases in Karnataka and I have a recognized degree in forensics, Delhi police approached us with a few photographs of the bite marks on the victim and dental modules of the five accused for comparison. We took five days to conduct a thorough forensic analysis from January 3 to 7, 2013 and established that at least five marks matched the accused dental modules. We used computer analysis for it,"

A bitemark has been defined as a pattern produced by human or animal dentitions and associated structures in any substance capable of being marked by these means.

Morphology of a

bite mark

DEFINITION

FACTORS AFFECTING BITE MARKS APPEARENCE

Status of tissue

Time elapsed b/w biting & impression making

The manner in which the bite mark is made

The no. of teeth involvedNumber of dental peculiarities possessed by bite marks.

Reaction of surrounding tissue.

BITE MARKS APPEARENCE

TYPE OF INJURY

Compression of skin surface due to tooth pressure during a bite

Indentation

This will soon disappear

Edema

This subsides

Subcutaneous bleeding

Contusions

Discoloration of skin

ReddishBluish

Lacerated wound caused by the mandibular anterior teeth.

Contusion is the most common presentation of bitemark injuries. They may be very mild

(1), with no obvious tooth marks, orshow more distinct tooth patterns (2).

Bite marks made by adobe photoshop

CLASS FEATURES: TEETH MARKS PRODUCEDIncisors RectangularCanines Triangular/rectangularPremolars and molars Spherical/ pointed.

II) MAC DONALD’S CLASSIFICATION

Based on etiology:-

A) TOOTH PRESSURE MARKS

B) TONGUE PRESSURE MARKS‘suckling’ marks

C) TOOTH SCRAPE MARKS anterior teeth.

RECORDING OF A BITE MARK:

There are two methods:- 1- Photography method 2- Impression method

I. PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD

DISADVANTAGEThe registration of the factual3-D relations is almost impossible.

SALIVA SWABS

Cotton -dry cotton-wet cotton

-UV light

-Bite mark bacteria provide potential forensic clues.

2. Close up photograph

1. Orientation photograph

IMPRESSION:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A SUSPECTS TEETH

•Relation b/w upper & lower jaw•Forms of the arches •Missing teeth•Displacement of teeth –ROTATION •Mesiodistal width of teeth •Special features: incisal edges, fractures….

-VINYL POLYSILOXANE

-Dental stone, self cure acrylic

COMPARISION TECHNIQUE

A. LIFE SIZE COMPARISION

Made b/w life size 1:1 photographs & a variety of tracing agents.

i) DIRECT METHOD

ii) INDIRECT METHOD

COMPUTER SOFTWARE PROGRAMS 3-D/CAD supported photogrammetry

B. ASSISTED COMPARISONS

  microscopes, electronic, histological, radiographic and specialized techniques including the use of experimental bite marks.

SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES

A)XERORADIOGRAPHY iodine contract media

B) TRANSILLUMINATION deep of bite mark

C) VIDEO TAPE ANALYSIS colour changes

D) SCANNING MICROSCOPY 3D

KOTHAKOTA IN MAHABUBNAGAR DISTRICT

SADDAM HUSSEIN

RECENT VOLVO BUS ACCIDENT

Extraction of DNA for sex determintion

DNA

EXTRACTION OF DNA

STEPS IN DNA AMPLICATION

ROLE OF A DENTIST IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

•Case history

•Casts

•X-rays

•Photographs

•Cephalometric analysis

DENTIST AS A KEY WITNESS

PRESERVATION OF RECORDS

COMPARISION OF RECORDS BEFORE AND AFTER DEATH

DENTURE MARKING

CLEAR ACRYLIC LAYER

MAKING A BURROW

PATIENT’S DETAILS

Colvenkar SS. Lenticular card: A new method for denture identifi cation. Indian J Dent Res 2010;21:112-4.

Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry, Vol. 2, Issue 2, February-April 2012

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS TO THE FIELD OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

CONCLUSION

Positive conclusion

Negative conclusion

Possible conclusion

ARMAMENTARIUM REQUIRED IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGIST

FORENSICARECHEOLOGY

FORENSIC MEDICINE

1) ROLE OF TOOTH BRUSH IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY ( GENDER DETERMINATION) BY: Dr.Vikram simha Reddy

2) CO-RELATIVE STUDY ON LIP PRINTS, FINGER PRINTSAND MANDIBULAR INTERCANINE DISTANCE ONGOING BY: Dr. Sonia singh, III YEAR

RESEARCHES ON FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY FROM OUR DEPARTMENT

Very soon forensic odontology gonna evolve as a seperate branch because of increase in sexual assualts and crime ratesagain women in india. ( NIRBAYA’S CASE )

According to Dental Council of india,

• Rajendran R, Sivapathasundharam B, editors. Shafer’s text book of oral pathology. Elsevier

publications,7 edition.

• Vandana M Reddy, Sushmitha Saxena, Puja Bansal. Mandibular canine index as a sex

determinant: A study of the population of western Uttar Pradesh J Oral and Maxillofacial

Pathology 2008;12: 56-59.

• S Kaushal, V V G Patnaik G, Agnihotri. Mandibular canine in sex determination. J of Anat Soc.

India 2003; 52:119-124.

• S Kaushal, V.V.G Patnaik, V Sood, G Agnihotri. Sex determination in North Indians using

mandibular canine index. J of Ind Assoc for Med 2004;26: 45-49.

• Ashith B Acharya, Sneeddha Mainali Univariate. sex dimorphism in the nepalese dentition and

the use of discrinant functions in gender assesment Forensic science international 2007;173:47-

56.

• M Muller, L Lupi-Pegurier, G Quatrehomme, M Bolla. Odontometric method useful in

determining gender and dental alignment Forensic science international 2001; 121: 194-197.

REFERENCES

• Dr.Ravi prakash, HOD.

• Dr.Rajinikanth.M

• Dr.Vikram Simha Reddy

• Dr.Sreenath.G

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

47

ThankQ?