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Exposure Control Volunteer Training Module Open Door Clinic

Exposure Control

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This is a training module for volunteers at the Open Door clinic.

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Page 1: Exposure Control

Exposure Control

Volunteer Training ModuleOpen Door Clinic

Page 2: Exposure Control

Exposure Control Plan

• Employers must develop an Exposure Control Plan and make it accessible to all employees.• The Exposure Control Plan identifies tasks and

procedures, as well as job classifications, where occupational exposure to blood occurs.• The plan specifies the procedure for evaluating

circumstances surrounding exposure incidents.• Employers must update their Exposure Control Plan to

include:• changes in technology that reduce/eliminate exposure• annual documentation of consideration and implementation of

safer medical devices• solicitation of input from non-managerial employees

Page 3: Exposure Control

Methods of Compliance

The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard specifies methods that are to be used to minimize the transmission of

bloodborne pathogens in the work place. These methods include:

•Universal Precautions• Engineering and Work Practice Controls• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)• Appropriate Housekeeping Measures

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Universal Precautions

• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard requires that employers implement a standardized approach to infection control called Universal Precautions.• The concept of Universal Precautions is

that all blood and potentially infectious materials must be treated as if they are known to contain HIV, HBV, or other bloodborne pathogens.

Page 5: Exposure Control

Engineering and Work Practice Controls

Engineering Controls• Controls that isolate or

remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace.

Work Practice Controls• Controls that reduce

the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed.

Page 6: Exposure Control

Engineering and Work Practice Controls

Exposure Determination• To select the proper engineering and work practice

controls to implement in the workplace, the employer must make an exposure determination. This determination must contain:• A list of all job classifications in which all employees in

those job classifications have occupational exposure;• A list of job classifications in which some employees

have occupational exposure, and• A list of all tasks and procedures or groups of closely

related task and procedures in which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees in job classifications listed in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(i)(B) of this standard.

Page 7: Exposure Control

Engineering Controls

Needlestick SafetyTwo commonly used engineering controls are• Needleless Systems: devices that do not use a

needle for:• Collection of bodily fluids• Administration of medication/fluids• Any other procedure with potential percutaneous

exposure to a contaminated sharp

• Sharps with Engineered Sharps Injury Protections (SESIP)• Non-needle sharp or a needle with a built-in safety

feature or mechanism that effectively reduces the risk of an exposure incident.

Page 8: Exposure Control

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Engineering Controls

Signs and Labeling• The warning label must

include the universal biohazard symbol and the term "biohazard“.• Warning labels must be

affixed to containers of regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material.• Contaminated equipment

must also have a warning label.

Page 10: Exposure Control

Engineering Controls

Signs and Labeling• Some common exceptions to the labeling

requirements are:• Containers of blood, blood components, and blood

products bearing an FDA required label.• Individual containers of blood or OPIM that are placed in

secondary labeled containers.• Specimen containers, if the facility uses Universal

Precautions when handling all specimens.• Regulated waste that has been decontaminated.

• HIV and HBV Research Laboratory and Production Facilities must have biohazard signs posted at the entrance.

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Work Practice Controls

Page 12: Exposure Control

Work Practice Controls

Hand Hygiene

• Thoroughly wash hands or other exposed skin with soap and water as soon as possible.• Wash your hands with soap and water every time

you remove your gloves. • Use soft, antibacterial soap, if possible. • If skin or mucous membranes come in direct

contact with blood, wash or flush the area with water as soon as possible.• Where handwashing facilities are not available, use

antiseptic hand cleansers or antiseptic towelettes.

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Personal Hygiene

• Minimizing splashing, spraying, spattering and generation of droplets when attending to an injured person.• Refraining from eating, drinking, smoking, applying

cosmetics or lip balms, or handling contact lenses where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure.• Keeping food or drink away from refrigerators, freezers,

shelves cabinets or on countertops or bench tops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are present.• Refraining from mouth pipetting/suctioning of blood or

other potentially infectious materials.

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Personal Protective Equipment

• The type of protective equipment appropriate for your job or research varies with the task and the degree of exposure you anticipate. Equipment that protects you from contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) may include:• Gloves• Eye protection• Masks and face shields• Gowns, aprons and other protective body clothing

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Personal Protective EquipmentGloves• Gloves should be made of latex, nitrile, rubber, or

other water impervious materials. • Never use gloves that are damaged, such as torn or

punctured.• Remove contaminated gloves carefully, avoiding

touching the outside of the gloves with bare skin. • Dispose of contaminated gloves in a proper

container.

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Personal Protective EquipmentEye Protection

Page 17: Exposure Control

Personal Protective EquipmentMasks and Face Shields• Masks and face shields provide additional

protection for tasks that may generate splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or other potentially infectious materials, and eye, nose, or mouth contamination can be reasonably anticipated. • Masks and face shields are not a substitute for eye

protection, and must be used in combination with suitable eye protection.

Page 18: Exposure Control

Personal Protective EquipmentProtective Body Clothing

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Personal Protective EquipmentGeneral Guidelines• Persons should be trained to use the equipment properly.• The equipment should be appropriate for the task and should fit properly,

especially gloves.• The equipment should be free from physical flaws that could compromise

safety.• Persons must use appropriate protective equipment each time they perform a

task involving potentially infectious materials.• The employer should issue PPE or make it readily accessible in the work area.• The employer should maintain, replace or dispose of any PPE at no cost to

employees.• Persons should remove all PPE prior to leaving the work area.• Persons should place removed PPE in an appropriately designated area or

container for storage, washing, decontamination or disposal.• Persons should remove garments such as lab coats or aprons that are

penetrated by blood or other potentially infectious materials immediately or as soon as feasible.

Page 20: Exposure Control

Appropriate Housekeeping Measures

• Clean and decontaminate all equipment and working surfaces after contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.

• Contaminated work surfaces should be decontaminated:• after completing procedures• immediately or as soon as feasible if they are heavily contaminated or

if there has been a spill of blood or other potentially infectious materials

• at the end of the work shift if the surface may have become contaminated since the last cleaning.

• Inspect and decontaminate bins, pails, cans, and similar receptacles intended for reuse.

• Clean and decontaminate receptacles immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible contamination.

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Appropriate Housekeeping MeasuresGlassware Handling and Disposal

• Use items such as a brush and dust pan, tongs, or forceps to clean up broken glassware.• Sterilize broken glassware that has been visibly

contaminated with blood with an approved disinfectant solution before disturbing it or cleaning it up.• Dispose of decontaminated glassware in an

appropriate sharps container.• Dispose of uncontaminated broken glassware in a

closable, puncture resistant container.

Page 22: Exposure Control

Appropriate Housekeeping MeasuresGlassware Handling and Disposal

• Non-regulated waste that is not generated by a medical facility or human health-related research laboratory may be disposed in regular plastic trash bags if it has been decontaminated or autoclaved prior to disposal.

Check with your supervisor for specific requirements and procedures for handling and disposing of

wastes at your institution.

Page 23: Exposure Control

Quick Check Summary

What are “Universal Precautions”?

What are Engineering Controls?

List other exposure control methods.