Eponymous Fractures

Dr Avik SarkarK B Bhabha MunicipalGeneral Hospital

Bankart's fracture (Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart)

• A Bankart lesion is an injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation.

• A bony bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a fracture in of the anterior-inferior glenoid cavity of the scapula bone.

• MOI - external rotation and abduction of shoulder

Barton's fracture (John Rhea Barton)

• A Barton's fracture is an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.

• MOI - fall on outstretched hand

Volar Barton Dorsal Barton

Bennett's fracture (Edward Hallaran Bennett)

• Bennett fracture is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone which extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.

• MOI - axial load along metacarpal in a partially flexed thumb

Bosworth fracture (David M. Bosworth)

• The Bosworth fracture is a rare fracture of the distal fibula with an associated fixed posterior dislocation of the proximal fibular fragment which becomes trapped behind the posterior tibial tubercle.

• MOI - severe external rotation of the foot

Boxer's fracture

• Boxer fractures are minimally comminuted, transverse fractures of the 5th metacarpal and are the most common type of metacarpal fracture.

• MOI - punching solid object

Bumper fracture

• A Bumper fracture is a fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused by a forced valgus applied to the knee.

• This causes the lateral part of the distal femur and the lateral tibial plateau to come into contact, compressing the tibial plateau and causing the tibia to fracture

• MOI - forced valgus of knee when struck from side by car bumper

Chance fracture (George Quentin Chance)

• A Chance fracture is a flexion injury of the spine which consists of a compression injury to the anterior portion of the vertebral body and a transverse fracture through the posterior elements of the vertebra and the posterior portion of the vertebral body.

• It is caused by violent forward flexion, causing distraction injury to the posterior elements.

• MOI - hyperflexion of spine, seen in car accidents when lap belts were used

Chauffeur's fracture (Backfire fracture or Hutchinson fracture)

• Chauffeur's fracture is a type of fracture of the forearm, specifically the radial styloid process.

• The injury is typically caused by compression of the scaphoid bone of the hand against the styloid process of the distal radius.

• MOI - Forced ulnar deviation of the wrist causing avulsion of the radial styloid

Chopart's fracture-dislocation (François Chopart)

• Chopart's fracture–dislocation is a dislocation of the mid-tarsal (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) joints of the foot, often with associated fractures of the calcaneus, cuboid and navicular.

• Chopart's fracture–dislocation is usually caused by falls from height, traffic collisions and twisting injuries to the foot as seen in basketball players.

Clay shoveller's fracture

• Clay-shoveler's fracture is a stable fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically at C6 or C7.

• MOI - forced hyperflexion of neck

Colles' fracture (Abraham Colles) (Pouteau Fracture) (Claude Pouteau)

• A Colles' fracture is a fracture of the distal radius in the forearm with dorsal (posterior) and radial displacement of the wrist and hand.

• The fracture is sometimes referred to as a "dinner fork" or "bayonet" deformity due to the shape of the resultant forearm.

• MOI - fall on outstretched hand

Cotton's Fracture (Frederich J. Cotton)

(Trimalleolar Fracture) • A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral

malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior malleolus.

• The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation.

Dupuytren Fracture (Guillaume Dupuytren)

• Dupuytren fracture is a type of bimalleolar ankle fractures. • The term is commonly used to refer to a fracture of the distal portion of the

fibula above the lateral malleolus, with an associated tear of the tibiofibular ligaments and the deltoid ligament.

• There is lateral displacement of the talus and a possible medial malleolus fracture as well

Duverney fracture (Joseph Guichard Duverney)

• Duverney fractures are isolated pelvic fractures involving only the iliac wing. • They are caused by direct trauma to the iliac wing, and are generally stable

fractures as they do not disrupt the weight bearing pelvic ring.• MOI - direct trauma

Essex-Lopresti fracture (Peter Essex-Lopresti)

• The Essex-Lopresti fracture is a fracture of the radial head with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane.

• MOI - fall from height

Galeazzi fracture (Ricardo Galeazzi) (Piedmont Fracture) ( Piedmont Orthopedic Society)

• A fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.

• It classically involves an isolated fracture of the junction of the distal third and middle third of the radius with associated subluxation or dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint; the injury disrupts the forearm axis joint.

• MOI - blow to forearm

Gosselin fracture (Leon Athanese Gosselin)

• The Gosselin fracture is a V-shaped fracture of the distal tibia which extends into the ankle joint and fractures the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments.

Greenstick fracture• A fracture of the bone, occurring

typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.

• MOI - bending forces after fall

Hangman's fracture

• A hangman's fracture is a fracture of both pedicles or pars interarticularis of the axis vertebra (C2)

• MOI - distraction and extension of neck

Hill–Sachs fracture (Harold Arthur Hill and Maurice David Sachs)

• It is a cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus. • It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the

anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.

Holstein–Lewis fracture (Arthur Holstein and Gwylim Lewis)

• A Holstein–Lewis fracture is a fracture of the distal third of the humerus resulting in entrapment of the radial nerve.

Holdsworth fracture (Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth)

• An unstable fracture dislocation of the thoraco lumbar junction of the spine.

• The injury comprises a fracture through a vertebral body, rupture of the posterior spinal ligaments and fractures of the facet joints.

Hume fracture (A.C. Hume)

• The Hume fracture is an injury of the elbow comprising a fracture of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head which occurs in children.

• It is a variant of the Monteggia fracture.

Jefferson fracture (Sir Geoffrey Jefferson)

• A Jefferson fracture is a bone fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, though it may also appear as a three- or two-part fracture.

• The fracture may result from an axial load on the back of the head or hyperextension of the neck (e.g. caused by diving), causing a posterior break, and may be accompanied by a break in other parts of the cervical spine.

• MOI - compression of neck

Jones fracture

• A Jones fracture is a fracture in the meta-diaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal of the foot.

• The proximal end of the metatarsal, where the Jones fracture occurs, is near the midportion of the foot, on the fifth ray (of which the 5th toe belongs).

• MOI - inversion of ankle

Le Fort fractures (René Le Fort)

• A Le Fort fracture of the skull is a classic transfacial fracture of the midface, involving the maxillary bone and surrounding structures in either a horizontal, pyramidal or transverse direction.

• Le Fort I fracture (horizontal)• Le Fort II fracture (pyramidal)• Le Fort III fracture (transverse)

• MOI - direct trauma to face

LeFort I (red), II (blue), and III (green) fractures

Le Fort's fracture of the ankle (Léon Clément Le Fort)

• Le Fort's fracture of the ankle is a vertical fracture of the antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.

• It is the opposite to a Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture

Lisfranc fracture (Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin)

• The Lisfranc injury is an injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus.

• MOI - forced plantar flexion of foot or dropping heavy weight on foot

Maisonneuve fracture (Jules Germain François Maisonneuve)

• The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane.

• MOI - external rotation of ankle

Malgaigne's fracture (Joseph-François Malgaigne)

• A Malgaigne fracture is vertical pelvic fracture with bilateral sacroiliac dislocation and fracture of the pubic rami.

• MOI - high energy impact to pelvis (front to back)

March fracture (Fatigue fracture or Stress fracture of metatarsal bone)• It is the fracture of the distal third of one

of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress.

• March fractures most commonly occur in the second and third metatarsal bones of the foot.

• MOI - heavy or unaccustomed exercise

Monteggia fracture (Giovanni Battista Monteggia)

• The Monteggia fracture is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius.

• MOI - blow to forearm

Moore's fracture (Edward Mott Moore)

• Distal radius fracture with ulnar dislocation and entrapment of styloid process under annular ligament

Nightstick fracture• Minimally displaced oblique

fracture of the ulna without associated fracture of the radius

• MOI - Direct Trauma to Forearm while in a defensive stance

Pipkin fracture-dislocation

• Posterior dislocation of hip with avulsion fracture of fragment of femoral head by the ligamentum teres

• MOI - impact to the knee with the hip flexed (dashboard injury)

Pott's fracture (Percival Pott)

(Pott’s syndrome I and Dupuytren fracture) (Guillaume Dupuytren) • Bimalleolar fracture of the ankle• MOI - eversion of ankle

Rolando fracture (Silvio Rolando)

• The Rolando fracture is a comminuted intra-articular fracture through the base of the first metacarpal bone

• MOI - axial load along the metacarpal causing splitting of the proximal articular surface

Runner's fracture

• Stress fracture of distal fibula 3–8 cm above the lateral malleolus

• MOI - repeated axial stress on fibula

Salter–Harris fractures (Robert Bruce Salter, W. Robert Harris)

• A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone. It is a common injury found in children.

Segond fracture (Paul Segond)

• The Segond fracture is a type of avulsion fracture (soft tissue structures tearing off bits of their bony attachment) of the lateral tibial condyle of the knee, immediately beyond the surface which articulates with the femur.

• MOI - internal rotation of the knee

Shepherd's fracture (Francis J. Shepherd)

• Fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus

Smith's fracture (Robert William Smith) (reverse Colles' fracture or Goyrand-Smith's) (Jean-Gaspar-Blaise Goyrand)

• Fracture of Distal Radius in which the distal fracture fragment is displaced volarly (ventrally)

• MOI - fall on outstretched hand with wrist in flexed position

Stieda fracture (Alfred Stieda)

• Avulsion fracture of the medial femoral condyle at the origin of the medial collateral ligament

Straddle fracture• Bilateral fractures of the superior and inferior pubic rami.• MOI - strong vertical shear injuries such as a fall from a height or a

motorcycle accident

Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture (Paul Jules Tillaux)

• A Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis.

• It is the opposite end to a Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture• MOI - forced lateral rotation of foot

Toddler's fracture

• These are bone fractures of the distal (lower) part of the shin bone (tibia) in toddlers (aged 9 months-3 years) and other young children (less than 8 years).

• MOI - low-energy trauma, often rotational

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