By Amy Greene, RN

ANAPHYLAXIS AND EPINEPHRINE AUTO-

INJECTORS

Approximately 2 million people in the United States are at risk for anaphylaxis. About 400 to 800 deaths in the United States are caused by anaphylaxis. Death can occur within minutes of exposure to an antigen (a foreign substance that brings on the allergic reaction). Fortunately, some deaths can be prevented if anaphylaxis is recognized immediately and cared for quickly.

Allergic reactions are caused by the activity of the immune system. The body recognizes and protects itself from antigens by producing antibodies. These antibodies fight antigens. When the immune system recognizes an antigen, it releases chemicals to fight these foreign substances and eliminate them from the body causing multitude of reactions within the body.

Mild allergic reactions can cause redness or irritation around the site of exposure.

Severe allergic reactions, in which air passages may swell and restrict breathing, include signals of shock.

Anaphylaxis usually occurs suddenly, within seconds or minutes after contact with the substance.

Death may occur quickly

Signs of Anaphylaxis

Weakness, dizziness or confusion

Swelling of the face, throat or tongue

Rash or hives

Tight feeling in the chest and throat

Difficulty breathing, wheezing or shortness of breath.

● Trouble breathing can progress to a blocked airway due to swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, and/or larynx (voice box).

Low blood pressure

Shock

1. Place injector into closed fist.

2. Pull off the blue safety release cap.

3. Swing and firmly push the orange tip againstthe outer thigh so it ‘clicks.’ HOLD on thigh forapproximately 10 seconds to deliver the drug.

Please note: As soon as you release pressure from the

thigh, the protective cover will extend.

4. Place the injector back in the original container and give to EMS.

HOW TO ADMINISTER AN EPINEPHRINE AUTO-INJECTOR

When EMS arrives, describe the following:

● The person’s experience● What occurred● The signals observed● The care given● When epinephrine was given● Location of the injection site● How the person reacted to the medication