1

2

3

4

5

WHAT IS IT…..

6

not a pest killer but a human killer ……

ENDOSULFAN

7

ENDOSULFAN

8

According to the United Nations, some 18,000 to 20,000 tons of endosulfan is produced around the world each year, with India being the world’s largest producer—it’s a 100-million industry here.Each year, India manufactures about 50% of endosulfan. The biggest users are India, Brazil, and China, while Argentina and the United States also consume significant quantities.

9

•IN INDIA, HINDUSTAN INSECTICIDE LTD IS THE PRODUCER OF ENDOSULFAN.•SOLD UNDER TRADE NAMES –•THIONEX•ENDOCIL•PHASER•BENZOEPIN.

10

It is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

of the Cyclodiene subgroup which act as a contact poison in wide variety of insects and

mites

ENDOSULFAN

Endosulfan is a derivative of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and is chemically similar to aldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor.

Technical endosulfan is a 7:3 mixture of stereoisomer's, designated α and β

11

12

CHEMICAL NAME6,7,8,9,10,10- hexa chloro- 1,5,5a,6,9,9a- hexahydro – 6,9- methano- 2,4,3- benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide.

CHEMICAL FORMULA : C9H6Cl6O3S

13

14

• TOXICITY : NEUROTOXIC• COLOUR : BROWN • STATE / FORM : SOLID,CRYSTALS • ODOUR : SLIGHT SULPHURDIOXIDE• NATURE : CNS stimulant • GROUP : chlorinated cyclodieneinsecticide

15

Chemical property

It’s melting point is 181˚C

It has molecular weight of 422.95.

It has a solubility of 0.32mg/l for alpha isograms and 0.33 mg for beta isomer in water.

It has a solubility of 20g/100 g in toluene and 2.4g/100g in hexane.

It is an organo chloride pesticide.

It is a neurotoxic pesticide belonging to the group of cyclodienes.

16

17

Endosulphan should be sprayed at a height of not more than 2-3m above foliage.

Prior information has to be given to people in that particular area .

Advice them to keep away from the area of application for about 20 days.

All water bodies should be kept covered while spraying endosulphan.

RULES WHILE SPRAYING ENDOSULPHAN

USESEffective against a wide range of insects like beetles, caterpillars, woolly apple aphid, coloradobeetle, leaf hoppers & cabbage worms -by contact & stomach action. Used as a pre-harvest insecticide on fruits, nuts, vegetables, field & grain crops including rice & ornamentals.Also used on non-food crops such as tobacco& cotton.

18

19

EFFECTS TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Endosulfan breaks down into endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan diol, and its residues remains in the soil for around 6 years.

Endosulfan is subject to  long range atmospheric transport ,i.e., it can travel long distances from where it is used.

21

AQUATIC EFFECTSEndosulfan has relatively high

potential to bioaccumulate in fish.

Blood glucose levels in fish are elevated.

It is toxic to amphibians and low levels have been found to kill tadpoles

22

23

By breathing air near where it has been

sprayed. Drinking water contaminated directly or

through run-offs. Being in contact with contaminated soil. Eating contaminated food. Smoking cigarettes made from endosulfan

contaminated tobacco. Working at endosulfan production centers ,

direct ingestion.

Exposure to endosulphan

24

HEALTH EFFECTS

SYMPTOMS

Hypersensitive to stimulation, sensation of prickling, tingling or creeping on skin.

Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, in coordination, tremor, mental confusion, hyper excitable state.

In severe cases: convulsions, seizures, coma and respiratory depression.

26

NUEROLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Directly effects CNS and prevent it from working properly.

Learning disabilities, low IQ, scholastic backwardness.

Severe poisoning may lead to death.

27

28

MAIN CAUSES

ENDOSULFAN CAN ALSO AFFECT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.

THE MAIN DISEASE THAT HAS BEEN NOTICED IS SKIN DISEASE.

BLOOD CANCERS, DELAYS MATURITY AMONG BOYS ,

BIRTH DEFECTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

AND DEATH

29

Since India is the largest user of ENDOSULFAN its after effects are being seen in kasargod dst & Kerala.

Endosulfan was sprayed in the cashew plantations in Kasaragod District since 1976, till 2001 regularly thrice every year.

The intensive use of Endosulfan resulted in a chemical disaster……

30

31

The worst of all the cases so far reported are from three nations

- Cuba, Benin and India.

32

Adopt "Land and Food without Poisons" as a goal for survival and adopt organic, ecological or natural agriculture in your farm.

33

34

35

THE LIVING DEAD…

36

37

38

THE LIVING DEAD…………

Kerala`s endosulfan victims…

39

Sainaba-whozz overgrowth of head caused her death……….

40

A cry for life………

41

42

43

44

45I ll crab you ………

46

SO…....

47Say ‘NO’ to ENDOSULFAN………

48

49

Stop endosulfan….Stop pesticidepoisoning!!!!!

50

Letzzz pledge together……. NO more ENDOSULFAN!!!!!!!!

51

THANK YOU