Emergency Situations and Injury Assessment

Time is Critical –There is no room for Uncertainty or

Error

Procedures to follow in an EmergencyBe:

C - CalmO - OrderlyO - OrganizedL – Logical /Level headed

Survey the SituationGood observational skills

Looking at skin color, deformitiesListening to heart/lung soundsTouching skin for temperature Smelling breath or skin infection

Assess extent of the person’s injuriesMechanismHistory

Here is a urine color chart to help you determine your hydration status. Your urine color should be between #1 and #3 throughout the day.

                                 

Determine Nature and SeverityNature of injury

Cardiopulmonary Trauma Medical

Severity Mild, Moderate, Severe, Critical Scale rated by athlete 1 – 10

Symptoms and Signs

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)Prime concern is maintain Cardiovascular, and

Central Nervous System functionSports setting is the Initial evaluation of an

injured athlete.Done rapidly and accuratelyStaff must act reasonably and prudently

Cohesive team

Develop separate EAP’s according to facilitiesBaseball/softball fieldSoccer/football fieldEmergency equipment available for each sport

Football vs. cross country

Policies and procedures regarding removal of equipment.

Phones are readily accessibleCalling 911

Caller must provide important information Type of emergency/suspected injury Present condition of the athlete Current assistance being given Location of telephone being used Exact location of emergency/how to enter location

Know policies and procedures of institutionContact:

Campus police – direct paramedics/fire engine Health services – If P.E. student Administrators – Director of Athletics

Assign someone to accompany athlete to hospitalCarry contact information for ALL athletesBe aware of coaches/spectators/family members healthTEAMWORK

Individuals providing emergency care MUST cooperate and act professionally

Emergency Action Plan Procedures Organization _________________________________ Sport _____________ Team____________ Year ______

In the event of a medical emergency the on-duty physician, certified athletic trainer, or paramedic will administer immediately emergency aid to the injured person. If none of the above are present, then the head coach or designated first aider will assumer responsibility.

The designated person will immediately initiate the Emergency Medical System (EMS) The designated care provider will remain with the injured athlete at all times Designated person use cell phone/land line and dial 911 or other predetermined number

Identify self and exact location State the nature of the injury Instruct emergency vehicle exactly where and how to reach area

Street access Entry gate Building location Building entry

Stay on the line until operate disconnects Return to injury scene to be available for additional assistance

Designated person meet the vehicle at the gate entrance. This person will have all necessary gate/door keys

Designated person meet the vehicle at the gate entrance. This person will have all necessary gat/door keys/combinations.

Designated person contact security for crowd control and other needs Designated person immediately call parents/guardian and advise them of circumstances, then call the

designated administrator and advise circumstances Designated person document all information relating to injury and emergency response. Designated person accompanies the injured athlete to the hospital and remains until parents/guardian

or designated administrator arrives

EAP Designated RolesNAME:_______________ Attends injured athlete, controls scene_______________ Calls 911 or other predetermined number_______________ Supervises team_______________ Call security and initiates crowd control_______________ Meets paramedics at gate and guides to injured athlete_______________ Gives emergency card to paramedics_______________ Accompanies injured athlete to hospital

Procedures for Calling 911•Remain COOL •Dial 911•My name is:______________•I need paramedics at:_____________________•My exact address is:______________________.

1.The major cross streets are: _______________ and ___________________2.Best entrance route is: _____________________

•There is an athlete with a ____________________ injury.1.The athletes name is: __________________

•I am calling from:____________________ (phone #)•_________________ will meet the ambulance/paramedics at: _______________•The athlete is located at: _____________________, which is on the _______________ side of the facility•Do Not end the call until the operator hangs up first.

Primary SurveySystematic assessment /evaluation

Check your watchLevel of consciousness (LOC)

Conscious Introduce yourself Ask their name, Know what happened

Helps assess state of mine/orientation Unconscious

Airway Breathing Circulation

Provides direction the decision making process

The Secondary Survey

Head to Toe physical assessment to determine extent of illness or injury.Approximately 2 min.

DO NOT RUSHDetermines if injured athlete can/cannot leave

field, with assistance or if EMS is required.Keep anyone who doesn’t need to be there

awayAsk questions about the injury/illness

Helps alleviate anxietyChecks orientation of athlete

INJURY

Unconscious Athlete Conscious Athlete

HOPSMethodical Injury Assessments

History: Based on subjective findings

How did the injury happen? When did it happen? Has this ever happened?

Observation: Based on objective findings

Compare uninvolved side (uninvolved checked 1st) Look for swelling, deformities, discoloration Watch how athletes moves

Palpation: Athlete points to area that hurts

Feel for deformities, spasms, pulse, breaks in skin/tissue, skin temp.

Special Tests: Check

Active Range of Motion (AROM_ Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

Test muscular strength (resistive testing) If assessment or treatment is beyond your abilities

Activate EMS or refer to physician

Body Planes and Directional Terms:Important to keep in the terminology used in

health care to describe different areas of the body.

Imaginary lines are used to separate the body into sections.

Must be communicated to other emergency personnel