.

DRUG TESTING

(The war on drugs)

Drugs are injurious to health

CESCOPPRODUCTION

Under the guidance ofMr. R. NAGESWARA RAO

M.Pharm.,Assistant Professor

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance

CREATIVE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF

PHARMACY .CHINNATEKUR, KURNOOL –

518218 (A.P), INDIA.

BYK.SRINATH

15Y01S0407

INTRODUCTION

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.

Major applications of drug testing include :

Detection of the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport Employers screening for drugs prohibited by law (such as cannabis, cocaine and heroin) Police officers testing for the presence and concentration of alcohol (ethanol) in the blood commonly referred to as BAC (blood alcohol content).

MarijuanaCocaineOpiatesAmphetaminesPhencyclidine

Drugs To Be TestedNO

SNACKSONLY

DRUGS

BLOODHAIR URINE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Odor of alcohol Odor of marijuana Slurred speech Flushed swollen face Red eyes Pupils dilated or constricted or unusual eye movements Sleepiness Nausea Reduced concentration/focusing

SYMPTOMS & BEHAVIOURS

Change In Attendance Change In Work Quality Increase In Accidents Carelessness Labile (Changing) Mood Uneven Judgment Inability To Locate For Periods Of Time Increase In Visits To Restroom, Car, Etc. Any other suspicious behavior

K. SRINATH TV9 CHINNATEKUR KURNOOL

KURNOOL

Reporting from CES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

60 % of Forensics Lab work is drugs 85-90% of all Criminal Cases involve drugs 40% of the working population have used illegal drugs. 25% of those seeking help with drug problems are employed 1 in 25 of people are alcohol dependent

80% of Americans think adults should be able to use marijuana legally for medical purposes. 47% of Americans admit having tried marijuana at least once. 72% of Americans say people arrested for possessing small amounts of marijuana should be fined, not jailed.

Drug Testing – 3 Steps1. Specimen Collection2. Specimen Testing and

Confirmation3. Medical Review of

Results (MRO)

CESCOP

PRODUCTIONDRUG

TESTINGINTERVAL

THEWARON

DRUGS

Test for:- Illicit drugs (urine)- Alcohol (breath, saliva)- Other specimens (oral, fluids, hair)

RIAEIATLCGLC

RIA

KNOWN AMOUNTS OF RADIOACTIVE LABELLED DRUG ARE ADDED TO A SAMPLE WITH KNOWN ANTIBODY AMOUNTS.

THE LABELLED AND UNLABELLED DRUGS COMPETE FOR THE ANTIBODY SITES

THE ANTIBODY – ANTIGEN COMPLEXES ARE CENTRIFUGED AND MEASURED IN A GAMMA COUNTER

EMIT(ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE) SYSTEM IS FREQUENTLY USED. THE LABEL ON THE ANTIGEN IS AN ENZYME THAT PRODUCES A CHEMICAL REACTION WHEN INTERACTING WITH ANOTHER SUBSTANCE. ENZYME ACTIVITY IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE CONCENTRATION OF DRUG (ANTIGEN) PRESENT.

EIA

BASED ON AN INERT GAS AS THE MOVING PHASE TO TRANSPORT A VAPORIZED SAMPLE OF DRUG THROUGH A COLUMN CONTAINING A STATIONARY LIQUID PHASE.

GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

A MIXTURE OF KNOWN DRUG COMPOUNDS (STANDARD) ARE APPLIED TO SPECIFIC AREAS AND ARE ALLOWED TO MOVE ACROSS THE PLATE BY CAPILLARY ACTION.

THE UNKNOWNS ARE COMPARED TO KNOWN SAMPLES AS TO THEIR VERY SPECIFIC MOVEMENT.

BREATH DRUG TESTING

ADVANTAGES

- SHOWS CURRENT USE- CAN BE CORRELATED WITH

BLOOD LEVEL- CARBON MONOXIDE

MONITORS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE IF ONE IS SMOKING

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NEED TESTING EQUIPMENT COSTMAINTENANCEQUALITY CONTROL

BREATH DRUG TESTING

DISADVANTAGES

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-EASY TO ADULTERATE-AMOUNT OF DOSE MAY NOT CORRELATE WITHCONCENTRATION-COLLECTION ISSUES-TESTING MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH LEVELS OF IMPAIRMENT

DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

• EXTENSIVE SCIENTIFIC BASE AND RESEARCH

• ACCURATE AND RELIABLE

• TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN IN PLACE FOR YEARS

TOILETSURINE DRUG

TESTING

ADVANTAGES

- LONG TIME WINDOW FOR DRUG DETECTION- EASY TO COLLECT, HANDLE AND STORE

- SAMPLE IS CUT, GROUND UP THEN WASHED WITH WATER AND/OR SOLVENTS. EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION PROCESS PRECEDES ASSAY- STORAGE IS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (NO NEED TO REFRIGERATE OR FREEZE PATIENT SAMPLES)

- SECOND COLLECTION CAPABILITY

DISADVANTAGES

- MAY NOT DETECT RECENT USE- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION IS A POSSIBLE PROBLEM- MECHANISM OF DRUG DEPOSITION IS NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD

- DUE TO EITHER DIFFUSION FROM BLOOD TO HAIR FOLLICLE, SWEAT SECRETION, SEBACEOUS GLAND SECRETION OR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION

ADVANTAGES

• DETECTION PERIOD IS MINUTES TO DAYS AFTER INGESTION• BREATH LEVELS

CAN BE CORRELATED WITH BLOOD LEVELS

DISADVANTAGES

• INVASIVE• RISK OF NEEDLE

STICKS TO HEALTHCARE WORKERS

BLOODDRUGTEST

CONCLUSION- All drug tests have strengths and limitations- All specimen types have strengths and limitations, and are at risk of tampering- Individual characteristics of a drug user will impact drug testing results

THE END

THANK YOUCESCOPS

SPECIAL THANKS TOMr. R.NAGESWARA RAO SIR

Miss. BUSHRA MAMMrs. SULAKSHANA MAMMiss. RAMA DEVI MAM

DRUGS KILL THEPAIN

AND THE JOYAND THE HOPEAND THE BODYAND THE BRAIN

AND FINALLY THE SOUL

PLAYING WITH PILLS KILLSDRUGS TAKE YOU

TO HELL,DISGUISED AS

HEAVEN