REVATHI MOHAN

1’st year Masters in Counselling Psychology

Drug Addiction Reason Effects Treatment and

Recovery Particular drugs and

its effects Involvement of NGO’s

Genetics Mechanisms Treatments

COMORBIDITY

Drug Users have a Higher Risk of Developing Mental Disorders

•Psychosis

•Depression

•Anxiety

•Panic attacks

Example: SMOKING EPIDEMIOLOGYnormal population: 23%alcoholism: 90%+other addictions: 90%+schizophrenia: 85%depression: 80%

Source: Adapted from Volkow et al., Neuropharmacology, 2004.

DriveSaliency

Memory

Control

Non-Addicted Brain

NO GO

Addicted Brain

Drive

Memory

Control

GOSaliency

Why Can’t Addicts Just Quit?

Because Addiction Changes Brain CircuitsBecause Addiction Changes Brain Circuits

Pharmacological (medications)

We Need to Treat theWe Need to Treat theWhole Person!Whole Person!

In Social ContextIn Social Context

Behavioral Therapies

Medical and Social Services

NARCOTICSSEDATIVES

STIMULANTSANTIANXIETY DISORDERS

PAINKILLERSHALLUCINOGENS

MIXTURE OF 18 CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE~ALKALOID

BITTER TASTE POWDER MORPHINE

Morpheus Heroin=Morphine + Anhydiride(Inexpensive chemical)

Pain reliever and has related medical purpose

More dangerous than morphine.

Allievate physical pain Induce Relaxation Alleviate anxiety and tension

Bluff Undesirable contact others- to maintain a

supply of drugs

Disruption in immune system Changes in life~style

Coma and death Early Age Premature baby

Pregnant women Gradual

Deterioration of well being

Peer Pressure Pleasure Curiosity

Methadone in Conjunction Counselling and Group Theraphy

Used by Doctors Relaxation Depressant like Alcohol

Slows down Central nervous system Drowsiness and Sleep Reduce tasks in Cognitive tasks Impaired Decision and problem solving

600-800mg of secobarbital Pentobarbial Substituition Therapy

Pre-colombian world of Mexico and Peru US-Crack Town

Stimulates the cortex of the brain Sleeplessness and Excitement Induce sexual arousement

Desipramine and Nalatrexone Psychological theraphy Di-sulphisam Reduce alcohol use

Anti-social Personality Disorder

II’nd World War 1927- All Drug stores

1930-A new amphitamine

Dexedrine

Methadrine

Affects the Central Nervous System Supress apetite Weight reduction Treating Narcolepsy

Respiratory depression Coma and death Memory loss

Also Leads to Anxiety Irritability Suicidal Ideation Rarely delrium

Flumazonil(0.3- 1.0mg)-OverDose 60- 80mg of diazepam

LSD PCP

Odourless Colourless Tasteless

1950-US –Research Purpose

Mood Swing Feeling of depersonalization Detachment

Mescaline Psilocybin(PSB)

new ideas rather than distort experiance

Cannabis Marijuana Ecstasy

Fund international research Provide training and exchange opportunities Set international research priorities Organize & sponsor conferences and meetings Binational agreements Dissemination of information

I. Drug abuse is a global phenomenon

5 percent of people aged 15-64

II. Intertwined dual-epidemics of drug addiction & HIV/AIDS

HIV Infections Attributed to Injection Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behaviors Related to Drug Abuse

Millions of Users

160.9

26.2

13.715.9

7.9 CannabisAmphetaminesEcstasyCocaineOpiates

UNODC 2005 World Drug Report

III. Take advantage of unique opportunities to advance scientific knowledge through research