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Drinking Alcohol
+Respiratory
system
Design by : Maryam AL-QhatanyPresent by : Maryam AL-Qhatany. Esra Takrouni Zainab AL-kamise
Learning Objectives
• The effect of alcohol in the body.• Alcohol and brain.• Definition of coma and
Vegetative State (VS).• Define wheezing, shallow
breathing and shortness of breath (SOB).
• Path physiology of pneumothorax and rib fracture.
Introduction
Alcohol and depression are among the
most prevalent mental health conditions in the
United StatesAlcoholism has the potential to impact on the quality of life (QOL) of an `alcoholic,' their family, healthy , and
friends in both the short and long term
A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.
Side effect of Alcohol .
effects of alcohol on the respiratory system
Hangovers
Cancer.
Liver disease.
Depressed immune system.
Heart failure
Brain Damage
Neuropathy (neuromuscular)
respiratory failure
and the Brain
Alcohol(not like any food it is not digestive )
Absorption
Bloodstream
affects the brain and central nervous system.
Brain
Neurotransmitter
inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that
transmit the signals throughout the body that control thought processes,
behavior and emotion. Neurotransmitters are
either excitatory, or inhibitory,
altering levels
(learning and memory)
excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
(slows down the activity of nerve cells in the brain)
inhibitsincrease
Cerebral cortex:
• In this region, where thought processing and consciousness are centered, alcohol depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers, making the person less inhibited; it slows down the processing of information from the eye , ear ,mouth and other senses.
Cerebellum
• Alcohol affects this center of movement and balance, resulting in the staggering, off-balance the so-called "falling-down drunk."
Medulla •This area of the brain handles such automatic functions as breathing, consciousness and body temperature.. It can also slow breathing and lower body temperature, which can be life threatening
A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.
• Coma:
• A coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness. • During a coma, a person is unresponsive to his or her
environment. The person is alive and looks like he or she is sleeping.
• The individual responds minimally or not at all to stimuli, and initiates no voluntary activities.
Case analysis
• Vegetative State (VS):
• Arousal is present, but the ability to interact with the environment is not.
• Eye opening can be spontaneous or in response to stimulation
• General responses to pain exist.• Sleep-wakes cycles, respiratory functions, and digestive
functions return
Case analysis
• Wheezing • is a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing.
Case analysis
• Description• Wheezing occurs when a child or adult tries to breathe
deeply through air passages that are narrowed or filled with mucus as a result of:
• allergy • infection • illness • irritation
Wheezing
Disease associated with wheezing:
• Etexposure to allergens • Foreign objects trapped in the airway .•Respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis, congestive heart failure, and emphysema
Possible diagnosis
Pathological : pneumothorax
foreign objects trapped in the airway
• shallow breathing:• Breathing with abnormally low tidal volume.• The normal tidal volume is about 500 ml.• a respiration pattern marked by slow, shallow, and generally
ineffective inspirations and expirations.• hypopnea:• shortness of breath (SOB)
Shallow breathing
• Caused by:• Asthma.• pneumonia.• congestive heart failure • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease• Many other causes.• Usually the shallow breathing or shortness of breath is
associated with rabid breathing .
Shallow breathing
Minimum movement of the lung caused by:
The effect of a trauma Pathological effect Pneumothorax
Minimum movement of the lung
• Pneumothorax• laterally means (air in the chest).
• There are many type of pneumothorax:• Traumatic pneumothorax :is that results from injury to the
pleura, with air introduced into the pleural space .
Pneumothorax
Rib Fracture
A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.
alveoli Venous Values Arterial Values GAS7.37-7.43 7.31-7.41 7.35-7.45 PH104 40 100 PO2
40 46 40 PCO2
the normal value of blood Gas
relation between Co2and the PH
CO2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in water
Carbonic acid is an acid
relation between Co2and the PH
HCO3 ions
H+ ions
HPCO2
effect of high level of Co2 in the respiratory center in the medulla
effect of high level of Co2 in the respiratory center in the medulla
These receptors are sensitive to changes in pH.
causing a desire to breath
the respiratory drive is controlled by the central chemoreceptor in the hypothalamus
summary
References
http://www.physioweb.org/respiration/control_breath.htmlhttp://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003070.htmhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wheezinghttp://www.webmd.com/brain/coma-types-causes-treatments-prognosishttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+failurehttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/fractured-rib-topic-overviewHard copy pneumothorax.
http://www.med.unc.edu/alcohol/prevention/health.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/alcohol-side effects.html
http://www.addiction411.com/alcoholism-health-abuse-issues/
http://www.oregoncounseling.org/articlespapers/documents/etohbiofx.htm
Good healthy
Happy life
Thank you