DNAÁlvaro Lafuente Lahoz

WHAT IS DNA?

DNA is a nucleic acid, containing the genetic instructions used in development and fuctioning of all know living organism

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DNA?

Is used to controled functions, behavior and development of an organism.

WHAT IS IT MADE OF?

The DNA segments carrying this genetic information are called genes.

It’s made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide have three parts:

a) Sugar molecule

b) Phosphate molecule

c) Nitrogenous base

Within cells DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes.

These two long strands entwine, in the shape of a double helix.

A nucleobase, linked to a sugar is called a nucleoside, and a base linked to a sugar and one or more phosphate groups is called a nucleotide.

Polymers comprising multiple linked nucleotides (as in DNA) are called a polynucleotide.

NUCLEOBASES

Nucleobases are a group of nitrogen-based molecules that are required to form nucleotides, the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Nucleobases provide the molecular structure necessary for the hydrogen bonding of complementary DNA and RNA strands, and are key components in the formation of stable DNA and RNA molecules.

Nucleobases provide the nucleotide structure necessary to form base pairs. The primary nucleobases are cytosine, guanine, adenine (DNA and RNA),

thymine (DNA), and uracil (RNA), (C, G, A, T and U)

NUCLEOSIDES

Nucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.

Examples of nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, adeosine, guanisine, thymidine and inosine.

NUCLEOTIDE

Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA.

Nucleotides participate in cellular signaling, and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions

HOW IS IT?

DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backcones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.

This two strands run in opposite directions, anti-parallel.

Attached to each sugar is one of four types molecules called nucleobases.

- This sequence along the backbone is the one that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code.

The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA in a process called transcription.

WHERE IS IT STORE?

Eukaryotic organisms like animals, plants, fungi, and protists, store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.

Prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea store their DNA only in the cytoplasm.

DNA IN CELL DIVISION

During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes.

WHO DISCOVERERED DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick in 1950

SOURCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA