By Samantha Deno

DIABETES & LEUKEMIA

Part 1: Diabetes Mellitus

Types of Diabetes

•Type 1 Diabetes (Juvenile Diabetes)

•Type 2 Diabetes (adult onset)

Type 1 Diabetes (A.K.A. Juvenile Diabetes)

• An autoimmune disease in which a person's pancreas stops producing insulin• Sudden Onset• Presents in children & adults but mostly in children• Insulin Dependent

Signs & Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

•Extreme Thirst

•Frequent urination

•Drowsiness or lethargy

• Increased appetite

•Sudden weight loss

•Sudden vision changes

Type 1 Diabetes Statistics•About 8.3% of the United States population (25.8 million) has diabetes

•7 million people are undiagnosed

• In 2010, 1.9 million new cases of Diabetes were diagnosed in people ages 20 years old and older.

•About 1 in every 400 children & teens have diabetes

Complications of Diabetes• Heart disease & Stroke

• High Blood Pressure

• Blindness

• Kidney disease and/or kidney failure

• Neuropathy

• Amputation

Type 2 Diabetes (adult onset) • The most common form of diabetes

• Either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.

• Persons 45 years of age or older are at highest risk

Signs & Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

• Increased thirst• Increased hunger • Dry mouth• Nausea and occasional vomiting• Frequent urination• Fatigue• Blurred vision• Numbness or tingling of the hands and/or feet• Sores that are slow to heal

Those who are at highest risk of Type 2 Diabetes are…

• 45 years of age or older

• Are obese or overweight

• Have had Gestational Diabetes

• Have family members who have Type 2 Diabetes

• Have prediabetes

• Are inactive

• Have high blood pressure

Complications associated with Type 2 Diabetes

• Retinopathy: Damage to the blood vessels in the retina; Most common diabetic eye disease and is the leading cause of blindness in American adults

• Poor blood circulation and nerve damage: Ex. Diabetic Neuropathy

• Renal Failure: Kidney failure; Treated with kidney dialysis until Transplant is done.

Part 2: Leukemia

What is Leukemia?• In a person with leukemia, their bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells which are called leukemia cells.

•While normal blood cells die, leukemia cells do not die when they should which could crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. This results in difficulty for normal blood cells to do their work.

Types of Leukemia• Acute Leukemia-The leukemia cells cannot do any of the work of normal white blood cells Usually worsens quickly• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia• Acute Myeloid Leukemia

• Chronic Leukemia• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Leukemia• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia• Affects the lymphoid cells and grows quickly• Accounts for over 5,000 new cases of leukemia each year.• Most common type of leukemia in young children but it can also affect adults.

• Acute Myeloid Leukemia• Affects the myeloid cells and grows quickly.• Accounts for more than 13,000 new cases each year• Occurs in both Children and Adults

Chronic Leukemia• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia• Affects the lymphoid cells and usually grows slowly• Accounts for more than 15,000 new cases of leukemia each

year• Most patients who are diagnosed are 55 years of age or older• Almost never affects children

• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia• Affects the myeloid cells and usually grows slowly at first• Accounts for about 5,000 new cases every year• Mainly affects adults

Common Symptoms of Acute or Chronic Leukemia

•Swollen lymph nodes that don’t hurt•Fevers or night sweats•Frequent infections•Feeling weak or tired•Bleeding and bruising easily•Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen•Weight loss for an unknown reason•Pain in bones or joints

Treatment Options• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to destroy the leukemia cells• Targeted Therapy: Uses drugs to block the growth of leukemia cells• Biological Therapy: Improves the body’s natural defenses against the disease• Radiation: Uses high-energy rays to kill off leukemia cells. Also called Radotherapy.

How diabetics check their Blood Glucose levels

Signs and symptoms of Diabetes

Diabetes Management

Breakdown of the Symptoms

Insulin Injection

Diabetic Acrocyanosis due to poor circulation

Arm Fistula in the left arm of a dialysis patient

Dialysis patients hooked up to their Dialysis Machines

Diabetic Foot Ulcer