Dental Abnormalities

Submitted to :

Dr. Md. Mahbubur Rahman

PHR 123.4

Submitted by :

1. Asifur Rahman (ID:1320552046)

2. Sujan Ahmed (ID:1320368046)

3. Shahrukh Zaman Akash (ID:1320704646)

4. Jaima Binte Abid (ID:1320633046)

5. Mohammad Nayem (ID:1110170046)

Dental abnormalities :

Dental abnormalities are craniofacial abnormalities of form, function, or postion of the teeth .bone and tissues of jaw and mouth.

Classification :Dental abnormalities can be classified based on 4 types.

1. Size

2. Number and Eruption

3. Shape/Form

4. Defects of Enamel and Dentin

According to size dental abnormalities can be divided into 2 types:

1. Microdontia

2. Macrodontia

Microdontia can be classified into 3 types

1. True Generalized Microdontia:

All teeth smaller than normal.

Occur in some cases of pituitary dawrfism.

2. Relative Generalized Microdontia:

Normal or slightly smaller than normal teeth.

Are present in jaws that are somewhat larger than normal.

3. Focal or Localized Microdontia:

Affects most often maxillary lateral incisior+3rd molar.

These 2 teeth are most often congenitally missing .

Macrodontia can be classified into 3 types1. True Generalized Macrodontia :

All teeth are large than normal. Associated with pituitary gigantism.2. Relative Generalized Macrodontia :

Insufficient arch space. Results in crowding of teeth.

3. Focal or Localized Macrodontia :

Unknown etiology.

Usually seen with mandibular 3rd molars.

MicrodontiaMacrodontia

(2) Number and Eruption :

According to number & eruption Dental abnormality can be divided into 3 types.

I. Anodontia

II.Hyperdontia

III.Hypodontia

1)Anodontia:

It is the total lack of tooth developmentIn dentistry, anodontia, also called anodontiavera, is a rare genetic disorder

2)Hyperdontia:

Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary teeth, or teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. They can appear in any area of the dental arch and can affect any dental organ.

Supernumerary teeth can be classified by shape and by position. The shapes include the following:

Supplemental (where the tooth has a normal shape for the teeth in that series);Tuberculate (also called barrel shaped);Conical (also called peg shaped);Compound odontoma (multiple small tooth-like forms);Complex odontoma (a disorganized mass of dental tissue)When classified by position, a supernumerary tooth may be referred to as a mesiodens, a paramolar, or a distomolar.[

3) Hypodontia:

In dentistry, hypodontia is the condition at which the patient has missing teeth as a result of the failure of those teeth to develop .

Oligodontia

3. Shape/Form

According to shape/Form Dental abnormality can be divided into 2 types. They are :

1. Crown

2. Root

Crown can be divided into many types. Such as:

Fusion,Gemination,Talon’s Cusp,Leong’s Cusp etc.

Root can be divided into many types. Such as:

Concresence,Enamel Pearl,Dilaceration,Flexion, Ankylosis etc.

(I) Fusion:(Crown)

➨ Joining of 2 developing tooth germs.

➨ Resulting in a single large tooth structure.

➨ May involve entire length of teeth.

➨ Or may involve roots only, in which case cementum + dentin are SHARED.

(II) Gemination: (Crown)

➨ Fusion of 2 teeth from a single enamel organ.

➨ Partial cleavage.

➨ Appearance of 2 crowns.

➨ Trauma has been suggested as possible cause, the main cause is still unknown.

(I) Concresence: (Root)

➨ 2 fully formed teeth.

➨ Joined along the root surfaces by cementum.

➨ More frequently in posterior and maxillary regions.

➨ Often involves a 2nd molar tooth with 3rd molar.

(II) Enamel Pearl: (Root)

➨ Droplets of ectopic enamel formed on normal teeth which is Uncommon, minor abnormalities.

➨ May occasionally be found on roots of teeth.

➨ Maxillary molars are commonly affected than mandibular molars.

➨ May have a core of dentin containing pulp horn.

4.Defects of Enamel and Dentin

According to enamel & dentin Dental abnormality can be divided into 4 types.

1. Amelogenesis Imperfecta

2. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

3. Dentinal Dysplasia

4. Odontodysplasia

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

It is also known as,

Hereditary Enamel Dysplasia

Hereditary Brown Enamel

Hereditary Brow Opalescent Teeth

It can be classified based on pattern of inheritance:

hypoplasia hypomaturation hypocalcified

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A hereditary abnormality in the formation of dentin

It can be classified into 3 types. They are :

Type I Type II Type III

Dentinal Dysplasia

Also known as “Rootless Teeth”

It’s a hereditary disease

It can be classified into 2 types. They are :

type I or radicular type :

(also known as rootless teeth)affects primarily the root portion

type II or coronal type :

(also known as coronal dysplasia)affects primarily the pulp chambers

OdontodysplasiaIt is also known as:

Odontogenic Dysplasia Odontogenesis Imperfecta Ghost Teeth

Other Causes

Except those mentioned abnormality dental abnormality can be caused due to different environmental reasons.It could be :

a.Tetracycline

b.Fluorosis

Also in some cases humans are also responsible for dentalabnormalities. Dental abnormality might be caused by:

a.Coffee, tea, and red wine

b.Scurvy (vit.c def)

Treatment of Dental Abnormalities

Abrasion :

• Restorative dental techniques

• Correction of habits, occlusal force discrepancies

Attrition :

• Usually does not require specific management

• Elective restoration of occlusal/incisal surfaces to prevent over-closure of jaws in function

Bulimia :

Combined aggressive medical management, psychotherapy, behavioral management, food intake management, and nutritional counseling.

Dentinal Dysplasia

Teeth usually unsalvageable

Regular periodic examinations

Erosion

• Identification and elimination of cause

• Treatment of underlying etiology

Fusion

• If esthetics demand, removal and replacement

Natal Teeth

• If mobile, extraction

• Possible retention for functional, esthetic reasons

THANK YOU