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Excretory Disease - Excretory Disease - CystitisCystitis
By:Navjeet andVandana Period 1 Biology 12
WHAT is it?WHAT is it?It is a medical term for the inflammation of
the bladder.
What CAUSES it?What CAUSES it?Inflammation of the bladder caused by urine infection
Urine infection caused by bacteria
Leftover feces around the anus can cause bacteria culture to develop
Those bacteria can travel to the urethra (tube from bladder that passes out urine) into the bladder
SymptomsSymptomsStrong, persistent urge to urinate
Burning sensation when urinating
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
Blood or pus in the urine
Passing smelly or cloudy urine
Discomfort in pelvic area
A feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen or lower back
Feeling unwell, weak or feverish
When should you see When should you see a doctor?a doctor?
High fever/chills
Vomiting
Back or side pain
Risk Factors: males Risk Factors: males and femalesand females
Old age
Weak immune system( having diabetes, HIV infection or cancer treatment)
Using bladder catheters for a long time - changing them can cause bladder tissue to be damaged
Not using the bathroom frequently (buildup of bacteria in bladder)
Blockage of urinary system(kidney or bladder stones)
Risk factors: females Risk factors: males
Usage of tampons Usage of tampons that contain irritantsthat contain irritants
Enlarged prostate Enlarged prostate gland(prostate infection)gland(prostate infection)
Pregnancy ( hormones Pregnancy ( hormones can trigger bladder can trigger bladder
infection)infection)
Sexual intercourseSexual intercourse
Birth controls (using Birth controls (using diaphragm for diaphragm for
contraception) conceptncontraception) conceptn
Menopause(bladder Menopause(bladder lining becomes thinner)lining becomes thinner)
Who gets it more often?Who gets it more often?It is more common among females than males.It is more common among females than males.
Why?Why?A woman's urethra opening is much closer to A woman's urethra opening is much closer to the anus than a man's. Therefore, there is a the anus than a man's. Therefore, there is a higher risk of bacteria entering the urethra higher risk of bacteria entering the urethra
from the anus.from the anus.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they are less likely to get this because they are less likely to get this
infection.infection.
Age range of Age range of Canadians getting Canadians getting
cystitis cystitis All ages are susceptible to this infection
More common in women in their late 30s and 40s
In ages 1 - 11 cystitis is 9 to 10 times more likely in girls than boys
How many Canadians How many Canadians get this disease?get this disease?
Up to 20% of Canadian women will develop cystitis over their lifetime
3 - 4% of Canadian women get recurrent cystitis (permanent damage to bladder)
5,000 visits made to doctors per year by males and females as a result of having cystitis
Infants: 3.7% boys and 2% girls get cystitis
TreatmentsTreatments
3 day course of antibiotics such as Trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, and amoxicillin for mild cystitis
Regular antibiotics for people with recurrent cystitis
Bladder instillation( intravesical therapy)
Bladder distension
Surgical therapies such as sacral neuromodulation
Bladder InstillationBladder Instillation
This could be called a bladder wash or bath. During bladder instillation the bladder is filled with a solution which is held for varying periods of time, from a few seconds to 15 minutes, before being drained through a narrow tube called a catheter.Drugs used for this treatment include dimethyl sulfoxide, heparin , and
sodium bicarbonate.
BibliographyBibliographyhttp://www.medicinenet.com/interstitial_cystitis/page6.htm#what_is_the_treatment_of_interstitial_cystitis
http://www.onlinepharmaciescanada.com/ailments/cystitis.aspx
http://kidney.ca/document.doc?id=316
www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/P ages/Causes.aspx
www.cfp.ca/content/58/41398.full
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17908260
medicsindex.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-s-causing-your-pelvic-pain-18-causes-of-pelvic-pain