ComprehensiveImmunology

Penelope Morel MDRussell Salter PhD

What you will learn

CELLS: What cells contribute to immune response, where they aregenerated, how they migrate

RECEPTORS AND LIGANDS: recognition of foreign antigens,cytokines, chemokines

SIGNALS: How cells are activated EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS: how pathogens are removed REGULATION: how the system is kept in control

Class resources

SYLLABUS: List of lectures, outlines, reading assignments TEXTBOOK: Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease.

Sixth edition JOURNAL ARTICLES: links to all assigned reading is on the website - if

not it is on reserve in Falk library WEBSITE: www.dean-med.pitt.edu/biomed/immunology/CI_EBI.html

This site has all necessary links and is where power pointpresentations will be loaded

HANDOUTS: Each lecturer will provide a handout of his slides.

What journals?

Primary Articles: Immunity, Nature Immunology,J. Immunol., J. Exp Med., Eur. J. Immuno.,Nature, Science, Cell etc

Review Articles:Nature Reviews Immunology,Annual Review of Immunology, Trends inImmunology, Current Opinions in Immunology,Immunological Reviews etc.

Exams

Three in class exams Short answer format On day of exam the class will start at 8:30am Each exam has equal weight and will cover the

material immediately prior to the exam

What is the immune systemfor and how does it do it?

To recognize a pathogen To react and enlist an appropriate response To eliminate the pathogen To “remember” an encounter with a pathogen:

immunological memory To avoid damage to self tissues

What antigens does the immunesystem respond to? Bacteria Viruses Parasites Fungi Toxins Prions

Transplants Allergens Tumors Dead cells Pregnancy/fetus Self antigens -

autoimmunity

What are the sites of infection?

Skin Mucosal surfaces Central Nervous System Visceral organs (e.g. liver, kidney) Blood Inside cells Outside cells

Players in the immuneresponse

Dendritic cells: located in tissues, high endocyticcapacity, sample the environment for antigens

T cells: in T cell area of LN, coordinate the immuneresponse

B cells: in follicles of LN, recirculating, makeantibodies that neutralize pathogens

Effector cells: cytotoxic T cells, activatedmacrophages,

Dendritic cells and the controlof immunity

Banchereau and SteinmanNature 392:245

Nature Rev. Immunol. 3:984, 2003

Effector Mechanisms

Antibody neutralization Opsonization Direct killing - complement Cytotoxicity - infected cells by cytotoxic cells

(CD8 T cells, NK cells Intracellular mechanisms of killing

Figure 1-24 part 1 of 3

Figure 1-24 part 2 of 3

Figure 1-24 part 3 of 3

Figure 1-25

Figure 1-26

Levels of Immune regulation

Homeostatic control - steady state Peripheral tolerance to self antigens - prevent

autoimmunity Initiation and termination of immune responses to

foreign antigens - what is a pathogen? And howdo you turn off the response?

Immunological memory

Diseases studied byimmunologists Infections: vaccine development Autoimmunity: Usually Th1 diseases Cancer : immunotherapy and vaccines Allergy: usually Th2 dominated Transplant rejection Gene Therapy: how to replace a defective gene

without stimulating the immune system