CHEMISTRY PROJECT :AIR

CONTENTS

1. Composition of Air.2. Different types of pollutants

in air.3. The effects of amospheric

pollutant

COMPOSITION OF DRY AIR…Dry air consits mainly of oxygen and nitrogen. The volumetric composition of the standard dry air is:

POLLUTANTS IN AIR Pollutants are substance which can cause harm and damage to people,

animals , vegetation , buildings or machinesPollutant Sources Harmful effects

Carbon Monoxide Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances

Headaches , breathing difficulties and can cause death

Methane Bacterial decay of vegetation

Global Warming

Oxides of Nitrogen Lighting and internal combustion engines

Breathing difficulties , cause acid rain and produce ozone

Ozone Sunlight acting or unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide

Irritates eyes and lungs and causes asthma atshma attacks

Sulfur Dioxide Volcanic eruptions and combustion of fossil fuels

Breathing difficulties ,causes athsma attack and Acid rain

Unburned hydrocarbons

Car exhausts Products Ozone

THE EFFECTS OF OZONE..

The human health effects of ozone have been studied for over 30 years. The respiratory systemic the primary target of this oxidant pollutant. Respiratory tract responses induced by ozoneinclude reduction in lung function, aggravation of preexisting respiratory disease (such asasthma), increased daily hospital admissions and emergency department visits for respiratory causes, and excess mortality. The degree of adverse respiratory effects produced by ozone depends on several factors, including concentration and duration of exposure, climate characteristics, individual sensitivity, preexistent respiratory disease, and socioeconomic status

Both the level of physical activity and the sensitivity of the individual are factors in determining the adverse health effects of ozone. Four groups of people are particularly sensitive to ozone when they are active outdoors: children, healthy adults doing outdoor exercise, people with preexistent respiratory disease, and the elderly. Children and healthy adults are more sensitive

PREVENTIVE AND REDUCE AIR POLLUTANTS

Example of how pollutant can be removed or reduced

- -Installing catalytic converters in motor vehicles to remove nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxides and unburned hydrocarbons.

- -It can also be treat acidic gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, with calcium hydroxide before releasing them into the atmosphere.

- -We can used alternative sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power and biofuel from plants.

EFFECT OF THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS

- -Human health- -Carbon monoxide - > It is very colourless and odourless but it is very

poisonous. It reacts with haemoglobin in the red blood cell to form a compound called carboxy haemoglobin which make the blood unable to absorb oxygen.

- -Nitrogen oxides- It can cause respiratory problem, damage to the lungs and

react with volatile organic compound to form ground level ozone.

- -Ozone- >It causes irritation to the eyes and throats and damage

the lungs tissue.- -Sulphur dioxide- >It cause eyes irritation, breathing difficulties and asthma

attacks.

ENVIRONMENT

Methane It can cause the greenhouse effect by

trapping the sun heat and causing global warming.

Sulphur When it rises to the atmospheric , it react

with the oxygen and rain water to formed acid rain.

Unburned hydrocarbons It react with nitrogen oxides in the presence

of sunlight to form ozone which cause lungs irritation and photochemical smog.

ATMOSPHERIC POLUTANTS IN CHINA..

Three billion people in developing nations across the globe rely on biomass in the form of wood, charcoal, dung and crop residue as their domestic cooking fuel. It is because much of the cooking is carried is carried out indoors in environtments that lack proper ventilation , millions of people, primarily poor women and children face serious health risks.

Even though the rate dependence on biomass fuel is declining, this dwindling resources will not keep up with population growth which could ultimately put environment at even greater risks.