Prepared by :

Fatma Essam

Collaboration Between

Education AndServices

objectivesEnd of the lecture each student

will be able to :Define collaboration List effects or importance of

collaboration Describe different types of

collaboration Explain different models of

collaboration

Out lines Introduction Meaning of collaboration Definition of collaboration Effect or importance of collaboration Types of collaboration :

1. Interdisciplinary 2. Multidisciplinary

3. Trans-disciplinary 4. Inter-professional disciplinary models of collaboration between education and services :

Six model for collaboration between nursing education

and services

INTRODUCTION The nursing profession is faced with

increasingly complex health care issues

driven by technological and medical advancements,

an ageing population, increased numbers of people

living with chronic disease, and increased costs of

health care services Collaborative partnerships between educational

institutions and service agencies have been viewed as

one way to provide research which ensures an evolving

health-care system with comprehensive and coordinated

services that are evidence-based, cost effective and

improve health-care outcomes.

Cont’’ Considerable progress has been made in nursing

over the past several decades, especially

in the area of education. Countries have either developed new,

strengthened and re-oriented the existing nursing educational programmes in order to ensure that the graduates have the essential competence to make effective contributions in improving people’s health and quality of life

MEANINGThe roots of the word collaboration,

namely co-, and elaborate, combine

in Latin to mean “work together.”

That means the interaction among two or

more individuals, which can encompass a

variety of actions such as communication,

Information sharing, coordination,

cooperation, problem solving, and

negotiation.

Cont’’Teamwork and collaboration are often used

synonymously. The collaborative process involves

a synthesis of different perspectives to better

understand complex problems.An effective collaboration is characterized by

building and sustaining “win-win-win ”

relationships.

DEFINITION

is a process by which members of

various disciplines (or agencies) share their expertise to accomplishing a common goal.

Accomplishing this goals requires these individuals to understand and appreciate what they are contribute to the whole”

Cont’’ definition "Collaboration is the most formal inter

organizational relationship involving shared authority and responsibility for planning, implementation, and evaluation of a joint effort

(Hoard, 1986). Mattessich, Murray and Monsey (2001) ,,,,,

define collaboration as '... a mutually beneficial and

well-defined relation ship entered into by two or more

organizations to achieve common goal .

Effects of Collaboration (Abramson & Mizrahi 1996).

Improved patient outcomesReduced length of stayCost savingsIncreased nursing job satisfaction and

retentionImproved teamwork

TYPES OF COLLABORATION

Interdisciplinary: is the term used to indicate the combining

of two or more disciplines, professions,

departments, integrated for one plan formulation

usually in regard to practice, research

education, and/or theory. Multidisciplinary : refers to independent work and decision

making, such as when disciplines work side-by-

side on a problem.

Cont’’ Tran disciplinary : Efforts involve multiple disciplines

sharing together their knowledge and

skills across traditional disciplinary boundaries

in accomplishing tasks or goals Inter professional collaboration : Interactions of two or more disciplines involving

professionals who work together, with intention,

mutual respect, And commitments for the sake

of a more adequate response to a human problem

NEED FOR COLLBORATION

Increasing gap between nursing education

and nursing service.Graduate nurses often lack practical skills

despite their significant knowledge of nursing process and theory.

Clearly, a partnership between nursing

educators and hospital nursing personnel is essential to meet this challenge

MODELS OF COLLABORATION

Preceptor-ship model

Mentorship model

Lecturer practitioner model

Research joint appointment

Clinical school of nursing model

Collaborative Clinical Education model

Preceptor Ship Model A preceptor is teacher or instructor

with special training and he can

provide practical training to an intern or staff .

the best preceptor like to teach and they will volunteer for the role rather than wait to be assigned

Responsibilities of the preceptor Provide an orientation for the students and review agency guidelines with

students, especially those that will

impact the student experience directly. Help student feel a sense of belonging in the

agency Provide opportunities for the student to

participate in important agency functions such as meetings, outreach events, etc. as

appropriate.

Cont’’Be aware of the student’s learning goals so that

he can help structure experiences

that will help the student meet goals. Give honest, constructive feedback to

the student and faculty supervisor as needed. Meet with student at frequent, regular intervals

to provide feedback, evaluate progress and resolve problems.

Remember what may seem basic or easy for the preceptor may not be basic or simple to the student

Mentor ship Model

Mentoring is :

A developmental relationship in which

a more experienced person helps a less

experienced person ..

The Value of Mentoring: Mentoring providesRetention by means of a personal relationshipStaff development and career guidanceJob satisfaction, and a healthy workplace

environment

Roles of mentors

Teacher

( educational expertise )GuiderCounselor

( practical expertise )Advisor

Mentors vs. Preceptors

Older than learnerPossesses wisdom

and experienceCareer networkingFacilitatorGuideAdvisorRole model

Willing to teach and learn skills

Expertise Competent

practitioner Teaching and support Orientation and

socialization Role model

Mentors v. PreceptorsMENTOR

Chosen May have no formal

preparation Share Life,

education, work experience

Type of relationship: close, personal

friendship Not an evaluator

PRECEPTOR Selected Assigned to learner Prepared for role Competent

practitioner Support needed from peers,

educators, manager Functional not

intimate relationship

May evaluate

Mentor v. Preceptor Learner Outcomes MENTOR Self-actualization

Guide to establish own place in the profession

Enhanced problem- solving

Personal satisfaction in sharing knowledge

PRECEPTOR Bridge theory to

practice gap. Achievement of

planned learning

outcomes Skills & knowledge Anxiety reduction

Lecturer practitioner ModelEach clinical placement have to have

named lecturer / practitioner or clinical

educator who will assist in the organization

,facilitation and supervision of the clinical

learning experience through out the entire

programs.

Role of lecturer practitioner promote active discussion

within the clinical setting to

encourage understanding Work with clinical staff to identify

alternative means to gain relevant experiences

Play an active role in over all assessment to help student achieves the required learning out come

Research Joint Appointments Is a formalized agreement between two institutions where an individual holds a position in each

institution and carries out specific and defined

responsibilities”. The goal of this approach is to use the implementation

of research findings as a basis for improving critical thinking and clinical decision-making of nurses

In this arrangement the researcher is a faculty

member at the educational institution with credibility in

conducting research and with an interest in

developing a research programs in the clinical setting

Cont’’The Director of Nursing Research,

provides education regarding research and assists with the conduct of Research in the practice setting. She/he also lecturer or supervisor in

the educational institution.A formal agreement exists within the

two organizations regarding specific

responsibilities and the percentage of time allocated

between each Salary and benefits are shared

between the two organizations.

CLINICAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

MODEL The concept of a Clinical

School of Nursing is one that Encompasses the highest level of academic and clinical nursing research and education.

The development of the Clinical School

offers benefits to both hospital and

university.

Cont’’ It brings academic staff to the

hospital, with opportunities for

exchange of ideas with clinical nurses

with increased opportunities for

clinical nursing research. It has a fundamental importance and

close link between the theory and practice of nursing at all levels

Collaborative Clinical Education model

In an effort to improve the quality of new graduate transition, Epworth Hospital and Deakin

University ran a collaborative project (2003) funded by the National Safety and Quality

Council to improve the support base for new graduates while managing the quality of patient care delivery.

The Collaborative Clinical Education Epworth Deakin (CCED) model developed to facilitate clinical learning, promote clinical scholarship and build nurse workforce capability.

Students CoachedBy Clinicians

Nursing Education Supported By

Clinical Facilitators

Clinical Facilitators are supported by Hospital

and University

example

Undergraduate nursing students attending lectures at Deakin University in the traditional manner but completing all tutorials, clinical learning ,

laboratories and clinical placements at Epworth Hospital throughout their three year course.

Tutorials , laboratories and clinical placements are conducted by Epworth clinicians who are prepared and supported by Deakin School of Nursing faculty.

These clinicians also support the student-preceptor relationship in the clinical learning component of the curriculum.

ConclusionAll the models pursue collaboration

as a means of developing trust,

recognizing the equal value of stakeholders and bringing mutual benefit to both partners in order to promote high quality research, continued professional education and quality health care.

Application of these models can reduce the perceived gap between education and service in nursing , also can help in the development of competent and efficient nurses for the betterment of nursing profession.

Thank you