Circulatory shockPROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB

BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN

OBJECTIVES…

Identify definition of shock

Types of shock

Causes of shock

Signs of shock

Symptoms of shock

Treatment of shock

SHOCK DEFINITION

Circulatory shock is a life-

threatening medical condition

(emergency condition) as a result

of insufficient blood flow

throughout the body.

TYPES OF SHOCK

5 TYPES OF SHOCK :

1. Septic shock

2. Anaphylactic shock

3. Cardiogenic shock

4. Hypovolemic shock

5. Neurogenic shock

SEPTIC SHOCK

This types of shock is results from

bacteria multiplying in the blood

and releasing toxins

Common causes of this shock is

pneumonia, urinary tract infection,

skin infection, meningitis

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

Is a type of severe hypersensitivity

or allergic reaction

It may caused by allergy to insect

stings, medicines or food

CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

This types of shock happen when

the heart is damaged and unable to

supply sufficient amount of blood

to the body

HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK

Is caused by severe blood and fluid

loss, such as traumatic bodily

injury, which makes the heart is

unable to pump the blood to the

body

NEUROGENIC SHOCK

This types of shock is due to spinal

cord injury or CNS damage, usually

result of traumatic accident or

injury

CAUSES OF SHOCK

There are several main causes of

shock:

• Heart failure

• Dehydration

• Infection

• Spinal injury

• Heavy internal/external

bleeding

• Severe allergy reaction

SIGN OF SHOCK

Short breath

Chest pain

Dizziness

Decrease in urine amount

Thirst

Nausea

SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK

Sunken of eye

Low blood sugar level

Dry tongue

Bluish lips and fingernails

Weak pulse

Swelling of the face and throat

(anaphylactic shock only)

TREATMENT OF SHOCK

• Septic shock is treated with

prompt administration of

antibiotics depending on the

source and type of underlying

infection

• Cardiogenic shock is treated by

identifying and treating the

underlying cause.

• A patient with a heart attack

may require a surgical procedure

to unblock an artery.

• A patient with congestive heart

failure may need medications to

support and increase the force

of the heart's beat.

• In severe or prolonged cases, a

heart transplant may be the only

treatment.

• Hypovolemic shock is treated

with fluids (saline) in minor

cases, but may require multiple

blood transfusions in severe

cases.

• Neurogenic shock is the most

difficult to treat. Damage to the

spinal cord is often irreversible.

Anti-inflammatory medicine such

as steroids, and sometimes

surgery are the main parts of

treatment.

OUTLOOK OF SHOCK

• Generally, hypovolemic shock and

anaphylactic shock respond well to

medical treatment if initiated early

• Cardiogenic shock has a poor

prognosis, with only 1/3 of patients

surviving. Because this type of

shock results from injury or

dysfunction of the heart it is often

difficult to treat and overcome

• Neurogenic shock also has

a very poor prognosis

because the spinal cord

mediates so many

important bodily functions.

There are currently very

few effective treatments

but medical research is

making advances in the

treatment of spinal injuries.

• Septic shock is a serious

condition with a mortality rate of

24% to 50% according to some

estimates. The sooner the

infection is treated and fluids are

administered, the greater the

chances of success. Hospitals

are now developing and utilizing

specific protocols to identify and

aggressively treat septic shock

patients.