Nervous system Chapter 12 Chista Tatar Professor Abdullah

-Plegia (PLEE-jee-ah)

�  Suffix meaning paralysis or a stroke

�  From the Greek plege meaning a blow or stroke.

�  cardioplegia (paralysis of the heart) �  hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the

body �  quadriplegia (paralysis of all four

extremities) �  paraplegia (paralysis of the legs)

Hemiplegia

�  Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one side of the body.

�  From hemi- (half) + plege (a blow, stroke).

�  Total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.

�  may be congenital or acquired from an illness or stroke.

 

Hemiplegia continued

�  Hemiplegia is a common medical disorder.

�  In elderly individuals, strokes are the most common cause of hemiplegia.

�  In children, the majority of cases of hemiplegia have no identifiable cause and occur with a frequency of about one in every thousand births.

�  Majority of cases of hemiplegia that occur up to the age of two should be considered to be cerebral palsy until proven otherwise.

Hemiplegia Causes

�  Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) �  Thrombosis, Embolism or hemorrhage

�  Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) �  Migraine syndrome �  Head Trauma

�  Brain Contusion �  Subdural Hematoma �  Epidural hematoma

Hemiplegia Causes 2

�  Todd's Paralysis �  Diabetes Mellitus �  Brain Tumor (Primary or metastatic disease) �  Infection

�  Brain abscess �  Encephalitis �  Subdural empyema �  Meningitis

Hemiplegia Causes 3

�  Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma �  Vasculitis �  Demyelinating disease

�  Multiple Sclerosis �  Acute necrotizing myelitis

�  Hereditary disease �  Leukodystrophies

�  Congenital or perinatal injury

Treatment

� Drugs

� Surgery

� Rehabilitation

-algesia (al-JEE-zee-ah)

�   from the Greek word algesis, the sensitivity to pain.

�   Analgesics, most commonly known as painkillers, are used to reduce the feeling of pain.

�  The term is sometimes used to refer to hyperalgesia (an extreme sensitivity).

Analgesia

� The absence of the sense of pain while remaining conscious.

Analgesics

�  Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems; they include paracetamol (para-acetylaminophenol, also known in the US as acetaminophen), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and opium. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation.

Popular Analgesics

� Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

� Tylenol (Acetaminophen)

� Aleve (naproxen)

� Advil (Ibuprofen)

Bibliography

�  World Health Organization

�  Fpnotebook.com

�  Webster’s Dictionary