Anti-Cancer Phyto-drugs

(Cancer Part – II)

Presented by Dr. Sudhakar Kokate Director PPRC, India

Dedication

This presentation is dedicated to all

Cancer patients across the globe and

may our efforts, towards research in

this area benefit those who are

fighting the dangerous disease

Catharanthus roseus

PPRC/INDIA 01

Catharanthus roseus

Family: Apocynaceae

Drugs: Vincristine, Vinblastine

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Lymphocytic leukaemia

2. Adult lymphoma

3. Testicular carcinoma

PPRC/INDIA 02

Betula alba

PPRC/INDIA 03

Betula alba

Family: Betulaceae

Drugs: Betulinic acid

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Melanoma

PPRC/INDIA 04

Thalictrum minus, T. dasycarpum,

T. glandulosissimum

PPRC/INDIA 05

Family: Ranunculaceae

Drugs: Hernandezine, Thalicarpine

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Leukaemia (Sarcoma cells affected)

PPRC/INDIA 06

Thalictrum minus, T. dasycarpum,

T. glandulosissimum

Camptotheca acuminata

PPRC/INDIA 07

Camptotheca acuminata

Family: Nyssaceae

Drugs: Camptothecin

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Lymphoma

2. Leukaemia

3. Solid epithelial tumours

PPRC/INDIA 08

Colchium speciosum

PPRC/INDIA 09

Colchium speciosum

Family: Liliaceae

Drugs: Colchicine

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Breast cancer

2. Thyroid cancer

3. Oesophageal cancer

PPRC/INDIA 10

Cephalotaxus harringtonia

PPRC/INDIA 11

Cephalotaxus harringtonia

Family: Cephalotaxaceae

Drugs: Harringtonine, Homoharringtonine

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Leukaemia

2. Agranulocyte leukaemia

3. Myelocytic leukaemia

PPRC/INDIA 12

Tripterygium wilfordii

PPRC/INDIA 13

Tripterygium wilfordii

Family: Celastraceae

Drugs: Triptolide A, B, C, Tripdionide

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Leukaemia

PPRC/INDIA 14

Brucea antidysenterica

PPRC/INDIA 15

Brucea antidysenterica

Family: Simaroubaceae

Drugs: Bruceantin

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Breast cancer

2. Melanoma sarcoma

PPRC/INDIA 16

Podophyllum peltatum

PPRC/INDIA 17

Podophyllum peltatum

Family: Podophyllaceae

Drugs: Podophyllotoxin

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Lung metastatic tumours

2. Malignant lymphoma

3. Carcinoma of nasopharynx

4. Germ cell neoplasm

PPRC/INDIA 18

Taxus brevifolia

PPRC/INDIA 19

Taxus brevifolia

Family: Taxaceae

Drugs: Paclitaxel or Taxol

Mode of action in cancer:

1. Ovarian cancer

2. Breast cancer

PPRC/INDIA 20

Crocus sativus

PPRC/INDIA 21

Crocus sativus

Active principle: Provitamin

Anti-oxidant activity

Ref: Nair et. al. 1994

PPRC/INDIA 22

Curcuma longa

PPRC/INDIA 23

Curcuma longa

Active principle: Curcumin

Strong anti-oxidant activity

Ref: Rao et. al. 1995

PPRC/INDIA 24

Alstonia boonei

PPRC/INDIA 25

Alstonia boonei

Family: Apocynaceae

Inhibition of Lysosomal enzymes and

glycoproteins

Ref: Saraswathi et. al. 1998

PPRC/INDIA 26

Ixora coccinea

PPRC/INDIA 27

Ixora coccinea

Inhibited DNA synthesis

Ref: Latha and Panikkar 1998

PPRC/INDIA 28

Dictamnus dasycarpus

PPRC/INDIA 29

Dictamnus dasycarpus

Active principle: Limonoid triterpene enhances

cytotoxicity to microtubules suggesting the

action site may be extract of Barringtonia

racemosa

Anti-tumour activity against Dalton’s

Lymphoma Ascitis (DLA) in mice

Ref: Thomas et. al. 2002 PPRC/INDIA 30

Brassica oleracea

PPRC/INDIA 31

Brassica oleracea

Administration of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

a naturally occurring Sulphur compound

along with Cyclophosphamide (CYP)

induced Urotoxicity, where glutathione in

bladder and liver enhanced and also showed

normal bladder morphology

PPRC/INDIA 32

Punica granatum

PPRC/INDIA 33

Punica granatum

The fruit rind powder elicited an increase in

antibody titre, inhibited leukocyte migration

and delayed hypersensitivity reaction

confirming its stimulatory effect on humoral

and cell mediated components of the

immune system in rabbits

Ref: Gracious et. al. 2001

PPRC/INDIA 34

Withania somnifera

PPRC/INDIA 35

Withania somnifera

Extracts of plant stimulated immunological

activity in mice

Ref: Davis and Kultan 2000

PPRC/INDIA 36

Trigonella foenum-graecum

PPRC/INDIA 37

Trigonella foenum-graecum

It exhibited a stimulatory effect on immune

function in mice

Ref: Bin-Hafeez et. al. 2003

PPRC/INDIA 38

Silybum marianum

PPRC/INDIA 39

Silybum marianum

Active principle: Silymarin

A plant flavanolignan mixture isolated from

the seeds

Possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,

immuno-modulatory properties leading to

prevention of different cancers

PPRC/INDIA 40

Silybum marianum

“Silibinin” major active component inhibits

Prostate tumour - Ref: Singh et. al. 2003

Inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder

neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions – Vinh

et. al. 2002

Reduces colon carcinogenesis in rats –

Yanaida et. al. 2002

PPRC/INDIA 41

Tomatoes

PPRC/INDIA 43

Lycopene

PPRC/INDIA 42

Lycopene in Tomatoes

Lycopene, the major carotenoid in tomatoes

is a protective compound against Prostate

cancer

It affects Stomach, Colon, Oral, Lung and

Breast cancer

Protects mice from bacterial infections and

inhibits growth of Ascites tumours

PPRC/INDIA 44

Lycopene in Tomatoes

Affects glioma cells

Suppresses orthotopic growth of human

prostate tumours

Lycopene inhibits proliferation of Lung

cancer – Levy et. al. 1995

Inhibits the growth of Leukaemia and

malignant tumours PPRC/INDIA 45

Chilies

PPRC/INDIA 47

Capsaicin

PPRC/INDIA 46

Capsaicin

Family: Solanaceae

Capsaicin, active principle in hot red and

chilli, peppers

Widely used as spices

Dual role in carcinogenic and mutagenic

processes

PPRC/INDIA 48

Capsaicin

Protective effect on stomach cancer

Affects metabolism of carcinogens

Represses the growth of Hela, Ovarian

carcinoma, mammary adeno-carcinoma and

P. leukaemia, HL 60 cells

PPRC/INDIA 49

Zingiber officinale

PPRC/INDIA 51

Gingerol

PPRC/INDIA 50

Gingerol: Zingiber officinale

Possesses substantial antioxidant activity

Also possesses inhibitory effect on xanthine

oxidase

Inhibits platelet aggression, formation of

thromboxane and prostaglandin

Protects skin cancer, ear oedema

PPRC/INDIA 52

Gingerol: Zingiber officinale

Prevents intestinal carcinogenesis in rats

Inhibits pulmonary metastasis in mice HL 60

cells – Lee and Surh 1998

PPRC/INDIA 53

Tabebuia avellanedae

PPRC/INDIA 54

Tabebuia avellanedae

Extract from stem bark showed anti-tumour

activity

Nowadays T. avellanedae extract is

commercialized as a miracle drug in the

treatment of cancer and other health

problems in Japan – Nakamura 2000

PPRC/INDIA 55

Tabebuia avellanedae

Components from this extract:

1. Naphtho-quinone lapachol

2. Beta-lapachone

showed strong anti-neoplastic properties

PPRC/INDIA 56

Allium sativum

PPRC/INDIA 57

Allium sativum

Garlic contains Diallyl sulfide (DAS) which

showed potent antioxidant compound with

anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and cancer

preventive properties

DAS imparts chemo-preventive effects against

skin, mammary, lung, colon and liver cancers

PPRC/INDIA 58

Thank You!!

“BE WITH US”