Cancer - I

Current trends & Perspectives

in

Cancer Control

(Part – I)

Presented by

Dr. Sudhakar Kokate

Director PPRC, India

Dedication

This presentation is dedicated to all

Cancer patients across the globe and

may our efforts, towards research in

this area benefit those who are

fighting the dangerous disease

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Cancer

₪Second leading cause of death worldwide

₪Multifactorial process:

₪ Cellular transformation

₪ Hyper proliferation

₪ Metastatic lesions

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Cancer

₪The word “Kaensar” known medically as a

malignant neoplasm is a broad group of diseases

involving unregulated cell growth

₪Cancer: a deadly disease

₪A very lethal life threatening terrible disease

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Cancer

₪It is rapidly affecting the people all over the

world without any discrimination of age, race,

wealth or status in society

₪Pathetic disease with miserable side effects

₪There are more than 200 different known

cancers that affect humans

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Cancer

₪Cancer cells divide and grow uncontrollably

forming malignant tumours and invading nearby

parts of the body

₪Not all tumours are cancerous

₪Causes are diverse and complex

₪Cancer spread to more distant parts of the body

through the lymphatic system / bloodstream

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Common sites of cancer

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History of Cancer

₪Cancer has existed for all human history

₪Earliest written record of cancer is in circa 1600

B.C. in Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus ….

described “Breast cancer”

₪Hippocrates ca 460 B.C. – ca 370 B.C. described

several kinds of cancer

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History of Cancer

₪Cancer Greek word “Karkinos” means Crab or

Cray fish

₪Celsus ca 25 B.C. – 50 A.D. translated Karkinos

to Latin word “Cancer”. He recommended

surgery treatment for cancer

₪Galen (2nd century A.D.) disagreed with surgery

and recommended purgatives for respondent

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History of Cancer

₪15 th – 17 th centuries study of causes of cancer

were experimented after dissection of the body

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Types of Cancer

TYPE ORIGIN NAMES

CARCINOMA Epithelial cells In aged people, Common – breast, prostate, colon…..

SARCOMA Connective tissue Bone, cartilage, fat nerve

cancers

LYMPHOMA Hematopoietic (blood forming)

Leukaemia most common in children

GERM CELL TUMOUR Pluripotent cells Testicle, ovarian cancer

BLASTOMA Embryonic tissue Common in most children

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Diagnosis

₪Screening

₪Medical tests:

₪ Blood tests

₪ X – Rays

₪ CT Scans

₪ Endoscopy

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Symptoms: Cancer Metastasis

CANCER BODY PART SYMPTOMS

Brain Headache, seizures, vertigo

Respiratory Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspanoea

Lymph nodes Lymphaclenopathy

Liver Hepatomegaly, Jaundice

Skeletal system Pain, fractures, spinal and

compression

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Systematic symptoms

Weight loss

Fever

Fatigue

Persistent fever

Paraneoplastic

pneumonia

Distant parts affected:

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Cancerous cell

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Stat of cancer

₪The incidence of Lung cancer is highly co-

related with tobacco smoking…. 9% lung cancer

₪In western Europe 10% cancers in males and

3% in females are attributed to alcohol

₪Tobacco smoke contains > 50 carcinogens

₪200,000 people die worldwide every year

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Stat of cancer

₪High processed food, red meat are also said to

be major cause of cancer growth

₪A high salt diet linked to gastric cancer, aflatoxin

B, with Liver cancer, Betel nut chewing with oral

cancer

₪Gastric cancer more in Japan due to high salt

diet

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Stat of cancer

₪U.S. estimates 20,000 cancer deaths 40,000 new

cases each year are attributed to “occupation”

₪Obesity cause in 14 – 20% of all cancer deaths

₪Diet, physical inactivity and obesity 30 – 35% of

cancer deaths

₪Diets that are low in vegetables, fruits, whole

grains are linked with number of cancers

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Stat of cancer

₪Worldwide 18% of cancer deaths due to

infectious diseases, high in Africa (25%) and low

in developed world (10%)

₪Upto 10% of cancers are caused due to

radiation

₪Hereditary cancers contribute to 3 – 10%

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Stat of cancer

₪Some hormones play a major role in division of

cells by promoting cell proliferation

₪Sex linked cancers:

₪Breast

₪Endometrium

₪Prostate

₪Ovary

₪Testis

₪Thyroid

₪Bone

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Cancerous cell

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Stat of cancer in India

₪500,000 people succumb to cancer / year

₪300 cancer hospitals / centres in India

₪40% of India: No appropriate facility for

fighting with cancer

₪Ratio of doctor: patient – 1 : 2000

₪By 2015 …….. Cancer patients 700,000

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Stat of cancer in India

₪Most specific cancers in India:

₪ Lung cancer

₪ Ovarian cancer

₪ Cervical cancer

₪ Breast cancer

₪According to “Indian Republic” Press – Cancer

incidence likely to rise five fold in India by 2025

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Cancerous cell

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10 most deadly types on cancer

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ovarian cancer

Leukaemia

Prostate cancer

Liver cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Breast cancer

Colorectal cancer

Stomach cancer

Lung cancer

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Top celebrities who survived cancer

Sharon

Osbourne

T.V. host, businesswoman,

author, music promoter Colon cancer

Robert de Niro American actor, Producer,

Director

Prostate gland

cancer

Christina

Applegate American actress Breast cancer

Kylie Minogue Australian singer, actress,

record artist, songwriter Breast cancer

Tom Green Canadian actor, comedian,

writer

Testicular

cancer

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Top celebrities who survived cancer

Lance

Armstrong Racing cyclist

Testicular

cancer

Michael Douglas American producer,

director Throat cancer

Yuvraj Singh Famous Indian Cricketer Mediastinal

seminoma

Manisha Koirala Indian actress, social

activist Ovarian cancer

Lisa Ray Canadian actress, Model,

Philanthropist

Multiple

myelana

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Cancer development

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Significant cancers in Science

₪Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

₪Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

₪AIDS related cancers…. Kaposi sarcoma

Lymphoma

₪Anal cancer

₪Appendix cancer

₪Basal cell cancer

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Brain tumour

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₪Bile duct cancer

₪Bladder cancer

₪Bone cancer

₪Brain tumour

₪Breast cancer

₪Bronchial tumours

₪Cardiac tumours

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Bone cancer

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₪Cervical cancer

₪Colon cancer

₪Colo-rectal cancer

₪Embryonal tumours

₪Esophageal cancer

₪E wing sarcoma

₪Eye cancer

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Colon cancer

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₪Gall bladder cancer

₪Gastric cancer

₪Gastrointestinal cancer

₪Germ cell tumour

₪Head and neck cancer

₪Heart cancer

₪Liver cancer

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Lung cancer

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₪Kidney cancer

₪Laryngeal cancer

₪Lung cancer

₪Mouth cancer

₪Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer

₪Neuroblastoma

₪Oral cancer

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Bladder cancer

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₪Ovarian cancer

₪Salivary gland cancer

₪Skin cancer

₪Stomach cancer

₪Testicular cancer

₪Throat cancer

₪Thyroid cancer

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Kidney cancer

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₪Uterine cancer

₪Vaginal cancer

₪Wilms tumour

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Liver cancer

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Top cancer fighting foods

Cabbage

Cauliflower

Mushrooms

Broccoli

Carrots

Blueberry

Grapes

Tomatoes

Raspberry

Papaya

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Sweet potatoes

Flax seeds

Garlic

Turmeric

Lime

Oranges

Green tea

Soya powder

Water melon

Ginger

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Thank You!!

“BE WITH US”

Health & Medicine

Cancer - I